Foreign Policy Foreign Policy Foreign policy is the

Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy • Foreign policy is the politics of the federal government directed to matters beyond the United States borders. • Simply put, it is the plan for dealing with other nations.

Should we get involved or No? • Isolationists – stay out of world affairs • Interventionists - those who believe it is in the best interest of the United States to be involved in world affairs.

Who is in charge of Foreign Policy? 1. 2. • • President Congress. The President, as head of the most powerful nation, is the head of state. He appoints and receives ambassadors and meets world leaders. He has the power to make treaties Which must be approved by the United States Senate.

Roles of the President • What roles of the President relate to foreign policy? 1. 2. 3. Chief Diplomat (Foreign Countries) Commander in Chief (military) Chief Executive (leader of US)

Roles of Congress • How does the Congress help make foreign policy? 1. 2. 3. 4. funding foreign policy costs Senate approves treaties approves diplomats and ambassadors declares war

Goals of Foreign Policy 1. National Security • • Most important goal of the United States Protecting our nation and its borders from foreign invaders 2. Promote Human Rights - Humanitarian Goals • • Ensure all people are treated with dignity and respect Provide food and medical relief, disaster relief, and support for developing nations

Goals of Foreign Policy 3. World Peace • If other nations are at peace, then the United States has less of a chance for being drawn into a conflict. 4. Spread of Democracy • Most controversial • We have encouraged and helped other nations wishing to form democratic political systems. 5. Economic Well-being Free and open trade Allow trade between US and other countries with no tariffs - no taxes

World Peace

National Security

Humanitarian Aid

Free and Open Trade

Promoting Democracy

Barriers to Trade • To influence the actions of another nation or show displeasure, the US can use a variety of barriers to trade or obstacles. • Barriers to trade • interfere with the free exchange of goods, resources, and services

Types of Trade Barriers 1. Economic Sanctions • Penalties on 1 country to another to show displeasure with them. • can include • tariffs (tax on imports), • embargoes (stopping trade) • other monetary damaging policies.

Economic Sanctions Which of these is an example of an economic sanction? 1. 2. 3. 4. providing poor countries with humanitarian aid creating trade alliances with bordering countries refusing to meet with a diplomatic representative of a dictatorship ending trade with a country that has a poor human rights record

Read the news headline below: Select which is a purpose of this action by the United States. 1. 2. 3. 4. to decrease the cost of lumber to protect the United States lumber industry to decrease United States lumber exports to allow for the free trade of lumber

International Organizations

As part of its foreign policy, the United States is a member of international and regional organizations such as: the United Nations (UN) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) International Red Cross World Bank International Monetary Fund (IMF).

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) • In 1994, the United States, Mexico and Canada decided to create a free trade zone among their nations. • NAFTA made it easier for these nations to trade within this geographic area

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) • Purpose? • Eliminated trade barriers thus allowing increased access to goods and services for consumers and producers • Removed tariffs (tax) on goods and services • Key. Word: TRADE

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) • History • 1949 – After WWII • The United States saw a new threat in the Soviet Union (communism) • Cold War

Belgium Canada Denmark France WHO IS IN IT? Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal United Kingdom United States Greece Turkey Germany Spain Czech Republic Hungary Poland Bulgaria Estonia Latvia Lithuania Romania Slovakia Slovenia Albania Croatia • 28 nations from North America and Western Europe. (England, France

PURPOSES • NATO Now • Security Alliance (military) between the US and Western European countries • They would stop an invasion of a western European country • Keyword MILITARY

United Nations The United Nations (U. N. ) was established in October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, 191 nations belong to the UN.

Purpose: Settle disputes between nations and prevent future wars Maintain international peace and security Monitors arms control (nuclear weapons) KEYWORD: PEACEKEEPER

International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Created in 1945 to help promote the health of the world economy. • 184 countries that make up its nearglobal membership.

Purpose – help countries stabilize economies • Will lend financial assistance to a country to prevent it from collapsing • promote the stability of currency exchange rates among nations • KEYWORD: FINANCIAL ADVISOR

The World Bank Created in 1945 It is one of the organizations that works with the International Monetary Fund and United Nations 187 countries participate in the World Bank.

Purpose – helps reform health, education, environmental and infrastructure Provides loans for capital improvements The World Bank provides: grants, interest free loans long repayment periods KEYWORD: MONEYLENDER

INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS • In Switzerland in 1859, a young man decided to use local, devoted and qualified volunteers to tend to the wounded on the battlefield. This was the beginning of the Red Cross. • The Red Cross developed during World War I, focusing on prisoners of war.

PURPOSE – PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS • Aid disaster victims • Assist people who are victims of war • Provide medical aid and humanitarian aid to those who need help in times of war, poverty, health emergencies, natural disaster and provides refugees assistance. KEYWORD: HELPER