Foreign Policy 1945 1989 The Cold War YALTA

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Foreign Policy 1945 -1989 The Cold War

Foreign Policy 1945 -1989 The Cold War

YALTA CONFRENCE • February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet to plan the future

YALTA CONFRENCE • February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet to plan the future of Germany and Poland • Agreed to divide Germany and allow the Polish people to elect their own government

Europe at the End of World War II • US/Great Britain Approaches Germany From

Europe at the End of World War II • US/Great Britain Approaches Germany From West • Soviet Union From the East

Iron Curtain • Imaginary line separating communist eastern Europe from democratic western Europe •

Iron Curtain • Imaginary line separating communist eastern Europe from democratic western Europe • Symbolized by Berlin Wall

Berlin Airlift • City of Berlin was located in Soviet controlled East Germany. The

Berlin Airlift • City of Berlin was located in Soviet controlled East Germany. The Soviets blocked American access to city. • 15 months = 200, 000 flights US flew supplies to West Berlin

World Sentiment After the War • United Nations started to make sure that nations

World Sentiment After the War • United Nations started to make sure that nations can work out problems • UN also works to be a response force in times of crisis • UN works to solve other world problems

Cold War Begins • A showdown between the US and Soviet Union (USSR) •

Cold War Begins • A showdown between the US and Soviet Union (USSR) • Both nations compete for global influence • Called cold war because no war between the two powers • Time of tension and fear of the spread of communism

Warsaw Pact vs NATO • Warsaw Pact – Eastern Europe (communist) influenced by Soviets

Warsaw Pact vs NATO • Warsaw Pact – Eastern Europe (communist) influenced by Soviets • NATO – Western Europe (democratic) influenced by US

Truman Doctrine • Communism must be contained and not allowed to spread • If

Truman Doctrine • Communism must be contained and not allowed to spread • If one more country goes communist, the rest will fall like dominos • Also known as Containment and Domino Theory

Marshall Plan • Similar to dollar diplomacy • Give aide to rebuild Europe after

Marshall Plan • Similar to dollar diplomacy • Give aide to rebuild Europe after the war • Giving aide will keep countries from becoming communist

Fear of World War III • Arms Race- The US and USSR race to

Fear of World War III • Arms Race- The US and USSR race to build weapons, each not wanting the other to gain the upper hand • MAD- Mutually Assured Destruction- there were enough nuclear weapons to destroy the world several times over

Red Scare • Fear of Communism • Mc. Carthyism – Senator Joseph Mc. Carthy

Red Scare • Fear of Communism • Mc. Carthyism – Senator Joseph Mc. Carthy accuses Americans of being communist – He is proven to be a fraud but did add to fear

Proxy Wars • The Soviet Union and the US would fight in smaller countries

Proxy Wars • The Soviet Union and the US would fight in smaller countries never directly against each other • This would lead to three confrontations

Korean War 1950 -53 • US supports South Korea • USSR supports North Korea

Korean War 1950 -53 • US supports South Korea • USSR supports North Korea • War fought to a stalemate at the 38 th parallel where troops still face each other today • US still has troops in South Korea • 33, 741 battle field deaths

Vietnam War 1964 -75 • US supports South Vietnam • USSR supports North Vietnam

Vietnam War 1964 -75 • US supports South Vietnam • USSR supports North Vietnam • North fights guerilla war • US forced to withdraw forces in defeat in 1975 • 47, 410 battlefield deaths

Cuban Missile Crisis • Soviets give nuclear missiles to Cuba, 90 mi. from FL

Cuban Missile Crisis • Soviets give nuclear missiles to Cuba, 90 mi. from FL • President Kennedy considers it an act of war • US and Soviet Union are on the brink of all out war

Space Race • Competition to see which nation was superior • Soviets first to

Space Race • Competition to see which nation was superior • Soviets first to build satellite (sputnik) • US first to land on the moon 1969

ARMS RACE • • • 9/1949 Soviets test atom bomb 1952 US works on

ARMS RACE • • • 9/1949 Soviets test atom bomb 1952 US works on hydrogen bomb 1954 - US tests 19 hydrogen bombs

Cold War Ends 1989 • Soviet Union breaks up • Berlin Wall falls •

Cold War Ends 1989 • Soviet Union breaks up • Berlin Wall falls • Germany reunited

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