Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy Overview o Purpose keep

Foreign Affairs

Foreign Policy Overview o Purpose- keep America and its interests safe. o Policies of 70 years ago still impact today

Based on Machiavelli’s The Prince 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. It is better to be feared and respected than loved and respected. National security and advantage must be paramount. Morals, agreements, polices come second if they conflict with country’s goals n US’s use of torture for info, secret prisons, wire taps, surveillance w/o warrant. Leader must try not deviate from good, but must be ruthless when necessary. Ends justify the means. Loved or Feared?

Secretary of State o John Kerry o Most important Cabinet position b/c deals solely with foreign policy. o Mouth piece for the administration. o Syria/Russian Deal

In the beginning o Isolationistso Manifest Destiny- Expanded country’s borders and believed it was our God given right.

Isolationism o Purposeful refusal to become generally involved in the affairs of the rest of the world. o Domestic Affairso Foreign Affairs– o We were concerned about domestic affairs for 150 yrs. Our second goal is to prevent regimes that sponsor terror from threatening America or our friends and allies with weapons of mass destruction. Some of these regimes have been pretty quiet since September the 11 th. But we know their true nature. North Korea is a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction, while starving its citizens. - George Bush

Monroe Doctrine o Belief that influenced US foreign policy since 1823 - 1950 1. Stated that we will stay out of European conflicts within Europe. Let them fight amongst themselves p Reason we stayed out of WWI and WWII 2. If Europe came over to Western Hemisphere we would fight. Stay out of Americas!!!! o Believed in isolationism- if it isn’t in the West it doesn’t concern us.

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine o Latin America 1 st saw it as a joke o Then viewed it as a selfish US looking out for its own economic interests.

A World Power o Spanish American War- 1898 n n Gained Philippines, Guam, Cuba, and Puerto Rico Destroyed Spain as a world power never to rise again… p In Philippines it took 6 hrs to destroy the entire fleet. o Now a colonial power…

Roosevelt Corollary o Policy of policing Latin America and stepping into different conflicts when our interests are threatened n L. A. resents this o FDR- Good Neighbor Policy: tried to create friends through dollar diplomacy. n L. A. resents this

China o Open Door Policy- Four major countries had spheres of influence and all could trade. o Built ties- cut in 1949 when China turns communist n Nationalist gov. flees to Taiwan o Relations resumes in 1972 w/ Nixon’s visit and US realizes that not all Communism is the same. Paradigm changes! n Ping Pong Diplomacy! o 1979 - Full diplomatic relations gained thanks to Reagan o Since then, China has been a rising power that threatens US heg.

Truman Doctrine o US would provide funds and military assistance to any country fighting off communism. o Develops into containment- containing communism at its current borders would cause its collapse. n Would lead to Korean War and Vietnam

Domino Theory o Believed in one country fell to communism they all would fall. n Just like dominoes!

Different Doctrines Today o Aid those w/similar beliefs or have oil. o Bush Doctrine- Nation has the right to conduct a preemptive war against any power that it believes poses a significant threat to the security of the US. Take them out before they attack.

Obama Doctrine o Uses soft power over hard power. o Values sanctions over direct military clash n Sanctions- a ban on trade, possibly limited to certain sectors such as armaments, or with certain exceptions (such as food and medicine p Iran agreed to nuke deal. p North Korea o Drone warfare- more than any president, creates dangerous precedence for strikes

Internationalism o After WWII- US takes active role in world affairs to protect its interests. n Collective Security and Deterrence

Collective Securityn Community in which most nations would agree to act together against any nation that threatened the peace of anotherp 1 st Iraq War

Ex- NATO o North Atlantic Treaty Organization o Regional Security Alliance- 1 attacked- all attacked. o Formed to keep USSR at bay o W/ collapse role has now changed- some countries don’t agree in the offensive mission o US demanded help in Afghanistan due to attack o Intervened militarily in Libya

Deterrence o Strategy of maintaining military might that is so great that just thinking about it will deter an attack on this country.

Deterrence o Used since the end of WWII o Caused collapse of the USSR & prevented WWIII o Bush expanded to include preemptive war n n n Obama uses spying and drone strikes on terrorists We have 3 xs more aircraft than the next closest country.

United Nations o Goal maintain world peace and improve the world for all humans

Moving US to world stage. o WWI Forces US onto the world stage o Retreats back to isolationism o After WWII- we are the Super Power w/Russia and realize we are all connected & it is our moral duty to lead and protect.

World Today o ISIS controls more area that England o Russia has annex Crimea o Turkey shoots down Russian fighter after it enters airspace for o o o o 17 sec Turkey invokes NATO mutual protection clause China conducts largest cyber attack on the US Gov. ISIS destroys 2000 year old temples at Palmyra Mexican Drug cartels run rampant with immunity Syrian Refuge crisis reaches millions displaced and largest refugee crisis since WWII Israel facing a wave of teenage Palestinian women who become suicide bombers. China continues to lay claim to islands in South China Sea Paris Climate talks are teetering before they even start.

Foreign Serviceo Right of Legation- right to send and receive diplomatic representatives o Ambassador- appointed by the president to represent the US on diplomacy issues. n n Found in ALL countries we recognize We do not recognize Taiwan o Diplomatic Immunity- ambassadors can’t be taxed, tried, or arrested in host country. Embassy can’t be searched

o Persona non grata- recall or expulsion of a diplomat. o Cutting diplomatic ties is the greatest insult a country can give.

Passports o Identifies a person as a citizen of that country o Grants that person a right of protection while traveling o Right to return to homeland o You NOW need a passport to enter Canada.

Defense Department o Created to put US military under one director o Today- the “Big Stick” of the world o Mere presence of US Aircraft carriers is a sign of strength

US Military Bases

Military Bases near Iran…

Defense Facts o The defense budget (690 Billion) is larger than the combined total of the next nine o o o biggest defense spenders. It is responsible for about 40 per cent of the world's military spending. The US has 247, 000 troops and civilians posted overseas, with a presence in more than 130 countries, covering every time zone. The US has 13 military bases in countries around Afghanistan. It has military presence in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan and Georgia, all former Soviet countries. The Department of Defense employs 1. 4 million people on active duty. It is the largest employer in the US, with more employees than Exxon. Mobil, Ford, General Motors and GE combined. The Department of Defense owns 40, 000 properties, covering 18 million acres of land. 28, 125 square miles. The US operates a fleet of more than 15, 000 aircraft, including 20 stealth bombers in service. The navy operates more than 1, 000 ocean going vessels. The US spends an average of $28, 000 on research and development for each member of its armed forces compared to the European average of $7, 000.

Military Leadership o Secretary of Defense- Ashton Carter? ? ? o Operating head of military

Selective Service o Saved by Executive Order o Registration for military service o Makes you eligible for draft CIVIC DUTY TO REGISTER!!!!!!! n Must register or not eligible for federal programs n o Why not women? n Law says “men”