Foregut 1 Oral cavity tonsils salivary glands Pharynx

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Foregut. 1 Oral cavity, tonsils, salivary glands, Pharynx, . 2 Esophagus. 3 Stomach. 4

Foregut. 1 Oral cavity, tonsils, salivary glands, Pharynx, . 2 Esophagus. 3 Stomach. 4 Duodenum(proximal to bile duct opening(. 5 Liver & biliary apparatus. 6 Pancreas upper respiratory system Lower respiratory system Spleen Midgut. 1 Small intestine. 2 Caecum. 3 Vermiform appendix. 4 Ascending colon , Right 1/2 -2/3 transverse colon Hindgut. 1 Right 1/2 -12/3 transverse colon. 2 Decending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal. 3 Epithelium of urinary bladder, urethra )Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, 7 th ed(.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Yolk sac Presomite Yolk sac 22 d • �������� 4 • Embryo

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Yolk sac Presomite Yolk sac 22 d • �������� 4 • Embryo ������ head ��� tail folds • Endoderm ����� yolk sac incorporate ���� embryo • ���� primordial (primitive, endodermal) gut tube )Langman’s Medical Embryology, 8 th ed(.

24 d 1 mo. • Primitive gut tube ������ epithelium ��� glands Epithelium ���

24 d 1 mo. • Primitive gut tube ������ epithelium ��� glands Epithelium ��� cranial extremity ��� tract stomodeum (primitive mouth) Epithelium ��� caudal extremity ��� tract proctodeum (anal pit) • Muscle, connective tissue ����������� splanchnic mesoderm )Langman’s Medical Embryology, 8 th ed(.

4 -wks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

4 -wks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Primordium of liver )hepatic diverticulum( Primitive gut tube. 1 Foregut ��� oral membrane �������

Primordium of liver )hepatic diverticulum( Primitive gut tube. 1 Foregut ��� oral membrane ������� hepatic diverticulum ����� anterior intestinal portal 2. Midgut ��� anterior intestinal portal ��� posterior intestinal portal ������ yolk sac 3. Hind gut ��� anterior intestinal portal ��� cloacal membrane duct )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Celiac a. Superior mesenteric a. )Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy( Inferior mesenteric a.

Celiac a. Superior mesenteric a. )Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy( Inferior mesenteric a.

Celiac a. Inf. mesenteric a. Sup. mesenteric a. )Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy(

Celiac a. Inf. mesenteric a. Sup. mesenteric a. )Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy(

Esophagus & Respiratory diverticulum Esophagus ����� foregut ������ caudal ��� primitive pharynx 5 wks

Esophagus & Respiratory diverticulum Esophagus ����� foregut ������ caudal ��� primitive pharynx 5 wks 4 wks (Tracheoesophageal septum) 3 wks )Langmann’s Medical Embryology, 8 th ed(. 4 wks

Esophagus • ���� esophagus �� ���� • �������������������������� heart & lung • 7 weeks

Esophagus • ���� esophagus �� ���� • �������������������������� heart & lung • 7 weeks : epithelium ������ • ���� 8 weeks ���� recanalization • Muscularis externa Superior 2/3 ���� striated muscle ����� mesenchyme �� caudal pharyngeal arches Inferior 1/3 ���� smooth m. ����� splanchnic mesenchme

Esophageal atresia ������� esophagus deviation of tracheopharyngeal septum ������� Esophageal stenosis lumen ��������� distal

Esophageal atresia ������� esophagus deviation of tracheopharyngeal septum ������� Esophageal stenosis lumen ��������� distal 1/3 ����� incomplete canalization Short esophagus ��������� stomach ������ thorax

Stomach 28 d ���� 4 wks ������ foregut �������� 35 d �������� -���� )Moore

Stomach 28 d ���� 4 wks ������ foregut �������� 35 d �������� -���� )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

6 wks ������ dorsal ������� greater curvature 40 d ���� stomach ���� rotation ������

6 wks ������ dorsal ������� greater curvature 40 d ���� stomach ���� rotation ������ ����� 90���� 48 d )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Mesenteries of the stomach . 1 Dorsal mesogastrium (Dorsal mesentery(. 2 Ventral mesogastrium(Ventral mesentery(

Mesenteries of the stomach . 1 Dorsal mesogastrium (Dorsal mesentery(. 2 Ventral mesogastrium(Ventral mesentery( )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Clemente Anatomy, 3 rd ed

Clemente Anatomy, 3 rd ed

Omental bursa )lesser peritoneal sac( • Clefts in dorsal mesogastrium • Coalescence ��� clefts

Omental bursa )lesser peritoneal sac( • Clefts in dorsal mesogastrium • Coalescence ��� clefts ������� omental bursa 5 wks • Dorsal mesentery ������� Stomach ������ � • Omental bursa ������ Omental (epiploic) foramen • Inferior recess of omental bursa �������� Greater omentum • ����� recess ������������ greater omentum H 6 wks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Duodenum 4 weeks: • Duodenum ����. 1 Caudal part of foregut 2. Cranial part

Duodenum 4 weeks: • Duodenum ����. 1 Caudal part of foregut 2. Cranial part of midgut 3. Splanchnic mesenchyme 5 wks 4 wks • ������� loop �������� ventral • ����� stomach ���� duodenual loop ��������� retroperitoneum 6 & 5 weeks: lumen ��� duodenum ��������� 5 wks 6 wks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Normal lumen 8 weeks: Vacuolation ������� Duodenal stenosis Duodenal atresia )Moore & Persaud: The

Normal lumen 8 weeks: Vacuolation ������� Duodenal stenosis Duodenal atresia )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Liver. 1. 2. 3. 4 C Q )Netter: Atlas of Human Anatomy( Right lobe

Liver. 1. 2. 3. 4 C Q )Netter: Atlas of Human Anatomy( Right lobe Left lobe Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe

Liver, gall bladder, biliary duct system 4 wks : 4 weeks Hepatic diverticulum ������

Liver, gall bladder, biliary duct system 4 wks : 4 weeks Hepatic diverticulum ������ caudal part ��� foregut ������ septum transversum �������� splanchnic mesode �������� central tendon of diaphragm ventral mesentery 5 wks Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human, Clinically Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(

Hepatic diverticulum • Larger cranial part ���� primordium ��� liver • Small caudal part

Hepatic diverticulum • Larger cranial part ���� primordium ��� liver • Small caudal part ���� gall bladder • Stalk of diverticulum ���� cystic ducts 4 wks 5 -10 weeks • Liver ������ abdomen • ���� Rt ��� Lt lobe ����� • ����� Rt lobe ���� Lt lobe • Caudate & quadrate lobe ����� Rt lobe • 6 weeks �� Hematopoiesis • 12 weeks ����� bile 5 wks 6 wks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

5 wks Ventral mesetery. 1 Lesser omentum ��� liver �� lesser curvature of stomach

5 wks Ventral mesetery. 1 Lesser omentum ��� liver �� lesser curvature of stomach 2. Falciform ligament ��� liver �� anterior abdominal wall ��umbilical vein ����� free border ��� falciform ligament ventral mesentery ����� visceral peritoneum ��� liver ������� liver ������ bare area )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Pancreas )Netter: tlas of Human Anatomy(

Pancreas )Netter: tlas of Human Anatomy(

Pancreas: 5 -8 weeks • Dorsal pancreatic bud • Ventral pancreatic bud • �����

Pancreas: 5 -8 weeks • Dorsal pancreatic bud • Ventral pancreatic bud • ����� duodenum ���� VPB ������� dorsal ��� bile duct • VPB ������ DPB )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Spleen • Large vascular lymphatic organ • 5 weeks ����� mesenchymal cells ������� dorsal

Spleen • Large vascular lymphatic organ • 5 weeks ����� mesenchymal cells ������� dorsal mesogastrium • ������ stomach ������������ mesogastrium ������ peritoneum ����� Lt kidney )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

MIDGUT . 1 Small intestine. 2 Caecum. 3 Vermiform appendix. 4 Ascending colon ,

MIDGUT . 1 Small intestine. 2 Caecum. 3 Vermiform appendix. 4 Ascending colon , Right 1/2 -2/3 transverse colon

Rotation of midgut • Midgut ����� midgut loop �� ������ U • Midgut loop

Rotation of midgut • Midgut ����� midgut loop �� ������ U • Midgut loop ���� �� �� extraembryonic coelom ��� umbilical cord ���� physiological umbilical herneation (6 wks) • Loop ������ post. abdominal wall ���� elongated mesentery 6 weeks • Midgut loop. 1 Cranial limb. 2 Caudal limb small intestinal loop ������� caecal diverticulum • Midgut loop ����� 90 ���� superior mesenteric artery Cranial limb ������� Caudal limb ������� 10 weeks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Returning of the midgut to abdomen 11 weeks 10 wks - - liver &

Returning of the midgut to abdomen 11 weeks 10 wks - - liver & kidneys ����� Abdominal vavity ���� Reduction of physiological midgut hernia Small intestine -������� sup mesenteric a Large intestine -��������� 180 ���� )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(. Later stage

Fixation of intestines Before �������� stomach & duode Duodenum (midgut) & pancreas ���� posterior

Fixation of intestines Before �������� stomach & duode Duodenum (midgut) & pancreas ���� posterior abdominal wall ���� fusion retroperitoneal position 4 mo After . 1��� ������ intestine Ascending & descending colon ���� posterior abdominal wall ���� fusion retroperitoneal position . 2 Mesentery ��� transverse colon ��� posterior wall ��� greater omentum New born )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(. . 3 Jejunum ��� Ileum ������� mesentery ������� ascending colon ������� duodenum (intraperitoneum) ����� ileocecal junction

Caecum and Vermiform appendix 8 wks 12 wks 6 wks Adult At birth •

Caecum and Vermiform appendix 8 wks 12 wks 6 wks Adult At birth • ������� cecum ����� • Appendix ����� medial • Ascending colon ������� appendix ������ retrocecal )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Umbilical cord Site of liver in sac Intestine Anterior abdominal wall Persistence of the

Umbilical cord Site of liver in sac Intestine Anterior abdominal wall Persistence of the herniation of abdominal contents in the proximal portion of umbilical cord )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

HINDGUT. 1 Right 1/2 -12/3 transverse colon. 2 Decending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal.

HINDGUT. 1 Right 1/2 -12/3 transverse colon. 2 Decending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal. 3 Epithelium of urinary bladder, urethra

Cloaca • ������ hindgut ������ endoderm���� surface ectoderm��� cloacal membrane 4 wks • urorectal

Cloaca • ������ hindgut ������ endoderm���� surface ectoderm��� cloacal membrane 4 wks • urorectal septum (mesenchyme ����� allantois ��� hindgut) ���� dorsal ��� ventral parts 6 wks 1. Dorsal : rectum & cranial part of anal canal ������� urinary bladder & urethra 2. Ventral ���� urogenital sinus ������ rectum & sup. part of anal canal 8 weeks Anal membrane ��� 7 wks )Moore & Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinical Oriented Embryology, 6 th ed(.

Anal Canal • Superior 2/3 ����� hindgut • Inferior 1/3 ����� proctodeum

Anal Canal • Superior 2/3 ����� hindgut • Inferior 1/3 ����� proctodeum