Forecasting the Weather 1 Weather Weather The daily

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Forecasting the Weather 1

Forecasting the Weather 1

Weather • Weather: The daily conditions of a particular area: temp, rain, pressure, wind,

Weather • Weather: The daily conditions of a particular area: temp, rain, pressure, wind, etc. • Climate: the measure of weather over a very long period of time—at least 100 years • Meteorology- the science of studying weather 2

What is a weather forecast? • Forecast: A prediction of weather over the next

What is a weather forecast? • Forecast: A prediction of weather over the next 5 -10 days. 3

What is a meteorologist? • Meteorologist: A person who observes the atmosphere, collects data,

What is a meteorologist? • Meteorologist: A person who observes the atmosphere, collects data, and makes predictions— forecasts—based on the data. • Meteorologist = weather person • You know them as weathermen and weatherwomen. 4

What do meteorologists measure? • • • Air pressure Humidity Precipitation Temperature Wind speed

What do meteorologists measure? • • • Air pressure Humidity Precipitation Temperature Wind speed Wind direction 5

Weather balloons Pictures courtesy of http: //www. srh. noaa. gov/epz/kids/balloon. shtml: 6

Weather balloons Pictures courtesy of http: //www. srh. noaa. gov/epz/kids/balloon. shtml: 6

Weather Instruments Anemometer Wind Sock Thermometer Barometer Doppler Radar Weather Satellite 7

Weather Instruments Anemometer Wind Sock Thermometer Barometer Doppler Radar Weather Satellite 7

Weather Balloons • Weather balloons: Carry equipment as high as 30 km above the

Weather Balloons • Weather balloons: Carry equipment as high as 30 km above the Earth’s surface • Measure temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, & direction 8

Thermometer • Thermometer: Used to measure: – air temperature 9

Thermometer • Thermometer: Used to measure: – air temperature 9

Barometer • Barometer: Used to measure air pressure 10

Barometer • Barometer: Used to measure air pressure 10

Psychrometer An instrument used for measuring the water vapor content of the atmosphere; a

Psychrometer An instrument used for measuring the water vapor content of the atmosphere; a type of hygrometer.

Anemometer • Used to measure wind speed 12

Anemometer • Used to measure wind speed 12

Wind Sock • Used to measure wind direction 13

Wind Sock • Used to measure wind direction 13

Wind Vane/Weather Vane • Used to measure wind direction 14

Wind Vane/Weather Vane • Used to measure wind direction 14

Radar • Used to find location, movement, kind & amount of precipitation 15

Radar • Used to find location, movement, kind & amount of precipitation 15

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Weather Satellite • Orbit the Earth & send information back to Earth; used to

Weather Satellite • Orbit the Earth & send information back to Earth; used to track storms, wind speed, humidity, & temperature @ different altitudes 17

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Collecting & Analyzing Weather Data • 2 groups who gather information: – National Weather

Collecting & Analyzing Weather Data • 2 groups who gather information: – National Weather Service (NWS) – NOAA (National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration) 19

NWS • Produce maps based on information gathered from over 1, 000 weather stations

NWS • Produce maps based on information gathered from over 1, 000 weather stations nationwide 20

Station Model • A small circle that shows the location of a weather station

Station Model • A small circle that shows the location of a weather station • Surrounding the small circle is a set of symbols & numbers that represent weather data 21

Example of a Station Model 22

Example of a Station Model 22

Weather Map Symbols Cold Front High Pressure Clear Weather Warm Front Low Pressure Cloudy

Weather Map Symbols Cold Front High Pressure Clear Weather Warm Front Low Pressure Cloudy Weather Occluded Front Isobars: Stationary Front Show equal Lines of Pressure. 23

Cold Front • Represented by triangles on a line 24

Cold Front • Represented by triangles on a line 24

Warm Front • Represented by half-circles on a line: 25

Warm Front • Represented by half-circles on a line: 25

High Pressure • Usually brings clear, sunny weather 26

High Pressure • Usually brings clear, sunny weather 26

Low Pressure • Bring rainy weather 27

Low Pressure • Bring rainy weather 27

Isobars • Lines that connect points of equal pressure on a weather map 28

Isobars • Lines that connect points of equal pressure on a weather map 28

ISOBARS- Certain weather maps allow us to view High and Low pressure systems that

ISOBARS- Certain weather maps allow us to view High and Low pressure systems that control the weather. An isobar is a line connecting locations of equal barometric pressure. Isobar maps show where pressures are relatively high and low, and show us where pressure changes are gradual or dramatic 29 over a distance.

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