For Faith Sunday Evening Studies Designed to build

For Faith Sunday Evening Studies Designed to build and strengthen real faith Is the re real evide nce for belie ving? 1. Evidence for God part 1 (11 -15) 2. Evidence for God part 2 (11 -22) 3. The Problem of Evil (11 -29) 4. The Bible and Science (12 -06) 5. Creation (12 -13) 6. Evolution (12 -20) 7. The Genesis Flood (12 -27) 8. Archeology (01 -03) 9. Historical Jesus (01 -10) 10. The Resurrection of Christ (01 -17) 11. Inspiration of Scripture (01 -24) 12. Canon and the Apocrypha (02 -07)

For Faith February 7, 2015 Daniel H. King, Ph. D. (Old Testament Studies & Biblical Languages) 9: 00 AM: Plenary Inspiration of the Scriptures 9: 50 AM: The Canonization of the Scriptures 5: 30 PM: The Apocrypha El Bethel Church of Christ ♦ 1801 Highway 41 -A North ♦ Shelbyville, TN 37160

For Faith Creation and Evolution I. Evidence for Creation

I. Evidence for Creation A. Based upon fact that God is B. Created all things in six literal days C. Evidence of a relative young earth argues for creation D. Conclusions

From Evidence of Creation 1. Creation took place in a very short process of time 2. Creation was at the command of God – not a gradual thing 3. First plants, animals, and man were full grown 4. Animals & plants reproduce after their kind 5. There was ONE original man 6. Woman came from the rib of man 7. Man sinned and fell & needed redemption

For Faith Creation and Evolution I. Evidence for Creation II. Problems with Evolution

What is Evolution? Evolution – from Latin “evolvere” “to roll out or forth, to unfold, open out, work out, develop gradually” • Popular definition: man came from monkey • Properly: Man and all animal life came from a common ancestor – single cell, etc. • “The theory of evolution may be defined as the hypothesis that millions of years ago lifeless matter, acted upon by natural forces gave origin to one or more organisms which have been evolved into all living and extinct plants and animals including man” (Evolution A Handbook for Students, 7).

Animate Creation Evolved from Amoeba to Man Evolution Inanimate Creation Earth Began with “Big Bang” Then Took Billions of Years to Cool & Stabilize

Theory Is Not A Fact • Evolution has missing links • “The theory of evolution is so plausible that we accept it as though it were a proven fact” (Dr. L. Harrison Matthews, in forward to Darwin’s Origin of Species, Centennial Edition). If it is taught at all – should be presented as a theory!

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits

Special Theory: This Can Be Proven • Changes within limits • Micro-evolution e m u s s A General Theory: • Changes without limits • Macro-evolution This Can Not Be Proven

Darwin’s Finches • Darwin observed the finches on Galapagos Islands (off of South America) • Observed changes in the beaks – their beaks adapted to what they were eating. • From that he developed his view of natural selection and then later the idea of evolution Note: Finches stayed finches. Finches did not become cats, dogs or goats!!

Darwin’s Survival of the Fittest Ø Evolutionists cite the giraffe as an example Ø Due to severe droughts the lower leaves of trees were all eaten or died Ø Only the giraffes with the longest necks survived Ø The long necked giraffes mated and passed the long neck trait to their offspring

Darwin’s Survival of the Fittest Response Ø How did the other animals without long necks survive? Ø Why did other leaf eating animals not develop long necks like the giraffes? Ø The female neck is about 2 ft shorter than the male. Why didn’t the female develop a long neck? Ø If we grant that Darwin was correct: ü Only gave birth to other giraffes! ü Doesn’t explain other species!

Mutations Ø Defined: Sudden alteration within a species Ø Creationist admit – radical changes within species ü Hornless cattle ü Short legged sheep ü Seedless orange Ø What does not happen: radical change from one group to another group! ü Cow doesn’t become a cat ü Sheep doesn’t become a horse ü Orange doesn’t become a pear or pineapple Ø Mutations are totally incapable of creating anything new. They only change existing structure!

Special Theory: This Can Be Proven • Changes within limits • Micro-evolution e m u s s A General Theory: • Changes without limits • Macro-evolution This Can Not Be Proven

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis

The Law of Biogenesis Defined: Life comes from existing life Evolutionist – must believe in spontaneous generation of life • Genesis account: came from God (1: 26; 2: 7) • God give to all life (Acts 17: 24 -25)

Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729 -1799) An 18 th-century English scientist, John Needham, attacked the findings of Redi. He claimed that his own scientific experiments verified that microorganisms did in fact spontaneously generate in some gravy, after it was allegedly thoroughly boiled in a bottle. Thus, in 1768, Lazzaro Spallanzani conducted his own simple scientific experimentation to test Needham’s findings. He prepared gravy in the same manner that Needham had, divided it into two bottles, and boiled it thoroughly, killing all microorganisms. One of the bottles was corked, and the other was left open to the air. Spallanzani argued that if microorganisms were spontaneously generating from the gravy, the gravy from both bottles should be teeming with microorganisms after a few days. However, only the gravy in the open bottle was found to have microorganisms after the allotted time. Once again, it was determined that life does not spontaneously generate. Life comes only from other life (Miller and Levine, 1991, pp. 339 -340).

Louis Pasteur (1822 -1895) A standard, evolution-based high school biology textbook states: “It was not until 1864, and the elegant experiment of French scientist Louis Pasteur, that the hypothesis of spontaneous generation was finally disproved” (Miller and Levine, 1991, p. 341, emp. added). Pasteur placed a “nutrient broth, ” similar to Needham’s gravy, in a flask with a long, s-curved neck. The flask was unsealed—left open to the air. However, the curvature of the flask’s neck served as an entrapment mechanism for dust particles and airborne microorganisms, keeping them from reaching the broth. The flask was observed over the time span of an entire year, and microorganisms could never be found. Next, he broke off the s-curved neck of the flask, allowing dust and microorganisms to reach the broth. After only one day, the broth was cloudy from dust and teeming with microorganisms. According to the aforementioned biology textbook, “Pasteur, like Redi and Spallanzani before him, had shown that life comes only from life” (Miller and Levine, 1991, p. 341, emp. added).

Evolutionist Begin with Assumptions 1. That spontaneous generation occurred (non-living things gave life to living things) 2. That spontaneous generation occurred only once 3. That plants, animals, man, viruses, and bacteria are all interrelated

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis C. Denies the law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics Defined: earth is wearing out “Thermodynamics is just a long word used to discuss the way that matter and energy behave in nature. Stated simply, the Second Law of Thermodynamics says that matter and energy are moving toward a less usable, more disorderly state called ‘entropy. ’ The late Isaac Asimov, a famous evolutionist, wrote about the Second Law: ‘Another way of stating the Second Law, then, is: ‘The universe is constantly getting more disorderly. ’ ’ For instance, when a person puts gasoline into a vehicle, the energy in that gasoline is usable, but after the gasoline burns, much of the energy escapes into the atmosphere and cannot be used again. ” (Kyle Butt)

The Second Law of Thermodynamics Defined: earth is wearing out Heb. 1: 10 -12 Evolution must have the world constant building itself up – evolving and improving

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis C. Denies the law of Thermodynamics D. Denies fixity of kinds

Fixity of Kinds v The Bible does not teach fixity of species v The Bible does teach fixity of kinds (Gen. 1: 11 -12, 21, 24 -25)

“What the creationist insists is this: the Bible does not allow for the notion that all biological life forms have descended from a common ancestor (or even a few initial forms). Invertebrates have not produced vertebrates; fish do not evolve into reptiles; reptiles do not become birds; birds are not transformed into mammals, etc. The creationist believes that both Scripture and science support horizontal variation within basic kinds—not vertical evolution. There is a vast difference between the two. ” Wayne Jackson, Apologetics Press

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis C. Denies the law of Thermodynamics D. Denies fixity of kinds E. The fossil recordssay “no”

Fossil Record • If evolution is true, then the gradual development of plant and animal life should be embedded the successive layers • “The number of intermediate and transitional links between all living and extinct species must have been inconceivably great” (Charles Darwin) • Should be as many transitional fossils that show the gradual changes. • There are no intermediate fossils! • “Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and series objection which can be urged against theory. The explanation lies, as I believe, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record” (Darwin, Origin of Species, 313)

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis C. Denies the law of Thermodynamics D. Denies fixity of kinds E. The fossil recordssay “no” F. There is not enough time

There is Not Enough Time q The evolutionist needs billions of years q Evidence of a young earth – doesn’t allow it q Dating methods used to prove millions of years ü C-14 (radiocarbon) ü Potassium-argon

Dating Methods are Based upon ASSUMPTIONS! Dr. Robert L. Whitelaw “Both clocks are absolutely dependent upon accurate knowledge of a tiny constituent of the earth’s atmosphere at the time of the event being dated. The radiocarbon clock…assumes that the C-14 concentration throughout the living world was the same at the death of the specimen as it is today. This assumption is based on two prior assumptions: (a) that the production rate of C-14 in the outer atmosphere had long before approached equilibrium with the decay rate, i. e. , that ‘creation, ’ if it occurred at all, was long before living matter: and (b) that no cosmic events occurred in the last 45, 000 years that could possibly change the C-14 production rate or decay rate. ” “Radiocarbon and Potassium-Argon Dating in the Light of New Discoveries in Cosmic Rays, ” Creation Research Society, 1969 Annual (June 1969), p 71

Dating Methods are Based upon ASSUMPTIONS! Dr. Duane T. Gish “It should be realized that there is no direct method for determining the age of any rock…Radiochronologist must resort to indirect methods which involve certain basic assumptions. ” Page 42

Dating Methods That Assume Millions Miss Their Mark – World is Not that Old! Dr. Joshua Gurtler “Interestingly, although coal was supposedly formed hundreds of millions of years ago, no coal has ever been found that is completely devoid of 14 C. This demonstrates that these fossil fuels are in the neighborhood of thousands and not millions of years old” (p. 41).

Dating Methods That Assume Millions Miss Their Mark – World is Not that Old! Dr. Joshua Gurtler “Another example of the dubious nature of radiometric dating was seen when rock specimens were sampled from five locations on the new lava dome on Mount St. Helens in Washington state. Although the rock was created only eleven years earlier, radiometric dating by the potassium-argon method assigned five dates between 0. 5 and almost 3 million years” (p. 42).

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis C. Denies the law of Thermodynamics D. Denies fixity of kinds E. The fossil recordssay “no” F. There is not enough time G. The “Ape-Man” findings

The “Missing Links” are Still Missing q The Evolutionist has the burden of proof to provide transitional missing links between man and ape. q There should be a vast transitional fossil record q An Evolutionist: “The primary scientific evidence is a pitiful small array of bones from which to construct man’s evolutionary history” (C. Holden, “The Politics of Paleoanthropology”, Science, August 14, 1981, 737). q An Evolutionist: “The fossils that decorate our family tree are so scarce that there are still more scientist than specimens. The remarkable fact is that all the physical evidence we have for human evolution can still be placed, with room to spare, inside a single coffin” (Lyall Watson, Science Digest, May 1982, 44)

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. Java Man (1887) • • Eugene Dubois – found fossils in Dutch Indies on banks of Solo River near villiage of Trinil What was found: Skull bone, thigh bone & tooth Later found that skull – from a gibbon (monkey) Thigh bone & tooth - human

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. Java Man (1887) 2. Heidelberg Man (1907) • • • Found near Heidelberg in Germany by Daniel Hartmann What was found: one jawbone! Seems to be a larger human jaw

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. Java Man (1887) 2. Heidelberg Man (1907) 3. Neanderthal Man (1856) • • • A group of fossils found in Neander Valley near Dusseldorf, Germany Evolutionist say this type of man was on earth about 100, 000 years ago and disappeared about 72, 000 years ago 13 adult skeletons (skull, jaw bone, other bones) “There is no reason to regard Neanderthal mental capacity as having been different from that of modern man” (C. L. Brace, Man’s Evolution, 245). Unearthed an old cemetery!

• In 1996, however, researchers were forced to reevaluate their long-held views on Neanderthals, due to the discovery of musical instruments and items of personal ornamentation (similar to our jewelry) [see: Hublin, et al. , 1996; “Neanderthal Noisemaker, ” 1996; Folger and Menon, 1997]. • ”Furthermore, almost all anthropologists recognize burial rituals as being not just strictly associated with humans, but as a distinctly religious act as well. That being the case, the strongest evidence to date that the Neanderthals were, in fact, human, is that at four different sites where Neanderthal fossils were found, Neanderthals and modern humans were buried together !” (Bert Thompson, Ph. D. , Apologetics Press).

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. 2. 3. 4. Java Man (1887) Heidelberg Man (1907) Neanderthal Man (1856) Piltdown Man (1912) • • Found by Charles Dawson in a gravel pit near Piltdown, England Found a portion of a skull and a jawbone • “In 1953, Piltdown Man was exposed as a forgery. The skull was human, and the teeth on the ape’s jaw had been intentionally filed down and treated biochemically to make them appear old. ” (Bert Thompson, Ph. D. & Brad Harrub, Ph. D. , Apologetics Press)

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Java Man (1887) Heidelberg Man (1907) Neanderthal Man (1856) Piltdown Man (1912) Rhodesian Man (1921) • • Found in a zinc mine in what was then British Rhodesia in southern Africa. The find consisted of the bones of three or four individuals: a man, a woman, and one or two children. Since the hipbones were smashed, the designers fashioned this fossil as being stooped over. Years later it was determined to be nothing more than a modern man

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Java Man (1887) Heidelberg Man (1907) Neanderthal Man (1856) Piltdown Man (1912) Rhodesian Man (1921) Nebraska Man (1922) • • • Found in Western Nebraska Found: One tooth Discovered that the tooth was a wild pigs tooth!

The “Ape-Man” Findings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Java Man (1887) Heidelberg Man (1907) Neanderthal Man (1856) Piltdown Man (1912) Rhodesian Man (1921) Nebraska Man (1922) Orce Man (1982) • • • Found by a team archaeologists, headed by José Gibert, were digging near the village of Orce in Spain. Claimed that the fragment belonged to a human child This discovery placed humans in Europe much earlier than evolutionists had ever predicted. Some over-eager scientists reconstructed an entire human. Later identified as the skull cap of a 6 -month-old donkey!

The “Missing Links” are Still Missing Fossil Findings Fall Into Three Categories: 1. Bona Fide Bogus Bones 2. Fossils Shown to be Those of Apes 3. Fossils Shown to be Those of Mere Modern Mortal Man

II. Problems with Evolution A. No evidence of changes without limits B. Denies the law of Biogenesis C. Denies the law of Thermodynamics D. Denies fixity of kinds E. The fossil recordssay “no” F. There is not enough time G. The “Ape-Man” findings

For Faith Creation and Evolution I. Evidence for Creation II. Problems with Evolution

In Young Adult Classroom