Foot and Mouth Disease By the time FMD

Foot and Mouth Disease By the time FMD is controlled in 2001, 6, 094, 139 animals were slaughtered, and the disease cost Great Britain an estimated £ 2. 4 -£ 4. 1 bn ($4. 5 -7. 6 billion US dollars).

Mad Cow Disease • Disease agent is a prion, or a protein bent out of shape • Spread from feeding animals bone meal • When found in US, many countries banned importation of US beef • Human variant? Creutzfeldt. Jakob disease

Organophosphate Poisoning • Deans/ Meijer Recall- 2002 • Where: Meijer Stores All Illinois Stores All Indiana stores • What: The recall is due to possible contamination involving cows eating from a field sprayed with pesticides. Meijer, as a precaution to protect the public, is initiating its own recall. • Who: Customers are asked not to drink the milk and return it to store for full refund.

Monkey Pox • • Gambian rats on same shipment as prairie dogs Rats gave Monkey pox to prairie dogs Prairie dogs gave Monkey pox to humans 37 confirmed cases nationwide, 7 in Indiana Cute little prairie dog Not so cute little lesion

Disease transmission • Animal to Animal • Aerosol • Fecal/Oral • Fomites • Zoonotic • Vectors

Animal to Animal • Like humans, animals get diseases from each other – Physical contact – Sharing food/water sources – Sharing medical equipment

Aerosol • Pseudorabies virus can travel more than 2 mi. though air! • Germs can float through air and can reach animals by: – Sick animals sneezing, coughing, breathing on other animals – Ventilation systems

Fecal/Oral Chi’s contaminated green onions ring a bell? 510 confirmed cases and 3 deaths by November 6, 2003!!!

Fomites • Inanimate objects on which diseases can live • Example- Your animal has a cold and coughs on your pencil • The germs from your animal are now on the pencil • Do you still want to chew on your pencil?

Zoonotic • Diseases that can be passed from animal to human • Examples– – – Rabies Club lamb fungus Ringworm Monkey pox BSE? ?

Vectors Infected animal Vector Healthy animal

3 aspects of Animal Biosecurity • Traffic Control • Sanitation • Isolation

Traffic Control • Minimize who comes on and off farm – Delivery trucks – Milk haulers – Wild animals • OR… who comes into contact with animals – Neighbors – Protective clothing

Sanitation • Keep it clean! – Animal stalls should be cleaned – Vaccinate livestock – Personal hygienewashing hands! – Avoid handling sick animals – Wear protective clothing

Isolation This is the opposite of isolation!

Isolation • Keep new or show animals: – In an area totally separate from other animals – A month is best – To make sure new/show animal is not carrying a disease

Why care about Animal Biosecurity? • Impact on human health • Impact on animal health • Economics

Human Health • Safe food supply needed for healthy population • Food supply an easy target • Not many people can produce own food if US food supply compromised

Animal Health • Sick animals=low production • Mass death

Economics • No meat/milk/cheese/eggs to sell means no profits • Illness=fear ex. - BSE and importation of beef stopped • Who HAS safe food can charge a bundle for itorganic or “grass fed beef” can =$6. 00/lb