FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME 1 Empowerment for Food Security

FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME 1. Empowerment for Food Security Programme 2. Comprehensive Food Security Follow up evaluation of Empowerment for Food Security Project (EFSP) Kwazulu Natal Z. J. MCHUNU

I. The program Empowerment for Food Security (EFSP) Start: April 2006 - 5 years Sponsor: Flemish Government & KZN government Where: Kwazulu Natal Pilot project 4 districts 8 municipalities (out of 51)

I. The program Partners: Local responsible for daily activities Department of agriculture KZN Department of education & health KZN Local government Flemish government (Sponsor) DAEA KZN Focus on: Agricultural production (favourable local conditions) Training in food security (diet quality & variety) Access to market (purchasing power)

1. General descriptive analysis Household Demographics Household size and age of household head? Region North KZN Household size 7 (2. 8) Age household District head 54 (13) 56 (12) household head 7. 2 (2. 9) 57 (13) e. Pongola 7. 9 (2. 5) 57 (12) 7 (2. 8) 52 (12) 6. 8 (3. 0) 50 (12) 5. 9 (3) 56 (11) Vulamehlo 6. 8 (3. 6) 60 (8) Msunduzi 6. 6 (3. 8) 46 (9) Richmond 5. 3 (2. 1) 59 (8) Umgeni 4. 9 (3. 4) 51 (13) Big 5 False Bay Umuziwabantu 6 (3. 2) size Age e. Dumbe Umhlabuyalingana South KZN Household On average: household consists of 7 people On average: household heads in North are 54 years; in South 56 years Gender household heads: 55. 1% are male

1. General descriptive analysis Household Demographics Education status of households (% of households)? Region Education Level District North KZN Zululan d South KZN Mkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu No schooling 33. 0 51. 4 37. 3 41. 4 Junior primary (0 -Std 2) 28. 3 20. 0 21. 7 13. 8 Senior primary (Std 3 -Std 5) 17. 9 12. 1 16. 9 17. 2 Some Secondary (Std 6 -Std 14. 2 11. 4 20. 5 17. 2 6. 6 3. 6 10. 3 Courses or Certificates 0. 0 0. 7 0. 0 Diploma or Degree 0. 0 0. 7 0. 0 9) Completed High School (Matric) Low levels of education 25% of households heads obtained some secondary education in the southern area, while this is only 18% in the northern region

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production Access to resources (% of households)? Quite equal access to resources in the northern and southern region However, access to markets and credits is higher in the South while access to rivers is higher in the North

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production Crop production (% of households)? North KZN Zululand Mkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu Spinach 95 90 88 91 Cabbages 97 91 77 88 Onions 89 87 78 58 Beetroot 84 80 69 72 Carrot 53 61 72 67 Maize 39 51 57 54 38. 5 56 31 35 Crop Type Tomato South KZN Different types of crops are grown in the study area On average, each respondent cultivates 8 different crops 80% of respondents sell some of their agricultural production

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production Livestock production? Chicken production is most popular Large number of respondents in Zululand own cattle Limited presence of livestock sector: cattle owners have on average 2 heads of cattle; goat owners on average 2 goats; chicken owners on average 10 chickens

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Consumption Diversity in food consumption? Consumption of maize, other cereals and vegetables is highest: 3 to 5 times/week Consumption of fruits and protein sources (dairy, eggs) is quite low: 2 times/week

1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Consumption Different sources of food products (% of households)? Purchased Own production Other sources Maize 88 10 2 Other cereals 94 2 4 Roots & tubers 70 24 6 Vit A rich fruits & 22 74 4 Other vegetables 30 68 2 Other fruits 77 10 13 Legumes & nuts 78 17 5 vegetables Over 70% of participating households indicate that they purchase most of their food Exception: vegetables = own production (for over 65% of the households)

1. General descriptive analysis Household Income and its Sources Average monthly income is highest in Umgungundlovu (320 R; SD: 429) followed by Ugu (275 R; SD: 260) The southern districts both have an average income per capita per month of R 190 (SD: 122)

1. General descriptive analysis Household Income and its Sources Grants (including pension; child support) and gifts are most important income sources: 72%-88% of households partially depends on this type of income Income shortage mainly during the months January/February and June/July Common reasons why household heads not work: old age, inability to find job, …

1. General descriptive analysis Stresses, shocks and coping strategies Common shocks (share households experiencing)? North KZN Shocks and Stresses South KZN Zululand Umkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu Food cost or food price increase 72 78 81 77 Increase in food production cost 54 47 48 56 Serious injury or chronic illness 39 45 57 44 Drought 25 57 44 28 Increase in household size 35 32 31 42 Death of livestock 35 28 27 23 Most important stresses: increase in food cost and related to that increases in food production costs Drought and sudden loss of livestock are the most prevalent stresses

1. General descriptive analysis Stresses, shocks and coping strategies Coping strategies for sudden and severe decrease in income? Coping Strategies North KZN South KZN Borrow/ lending 77 68 Reduce food consumption 51 50 Reduce spending 46 39 Selling assets 41 31 Use savings 18 8 Find additional work (income) 19 14 Other coping strategies 18 20 Borrowing from friends/ relatives seems to be most important coping strategy negative coping strategy: leads to increased debts and asset depletion Only 20% is able to use their savings or looks for additional income sources

2. Vulnerability analysis Food insecurity (% of households) Region Food Security Status District North KZN Zulul and South KZN Mkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu Food secure 7. 3 3. 4 9. 1 2. 4 Mild food insecure 11. 9 2. 8 6. 8 9. 5 Moderate food insecure 37. 6 28. 3 34. 1 16. 7 Severe food insecurity 43. 1 65. 5 50. 0 71. 4 Total 100 100 Across full sample: 5. 6% food secure; 55. 4% severly food insecure; 6. 9% mild food insecure Most affected district is Umgungundlovu where about 70% of respondents are faced with food insecurity

2. Vulnerability analysis Poverty measure Region North KZN South KZN District Zululand Mkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu Percent people living on less than 1 US$ per day 2 US$ per day 71. 6 96. 3 75. 0 93. 2 55. 6 90. 0 53. 5 81. 4 Northern region has larger share of poor households compared to the southern region

2. Vulnerability analysis Food insecurity and Poverty Notice negative correlation between food security and poverty level. Households in the north seem to be more food secure but poorer while households in the south seem less poor but more food insecure

Overall outcome evaluation 150 households were interviewed both in 2007 & 2010 Comparison of characteristics of these households Evolution of these households General food security Has not improved

Overall outcome evaluation Food security indicator 2007 (N=149) 2010 (N=149) test Less then 1$ per day person 85% 66% ** Less then 2$ per day person 93% 92% ** HDDS (Household Diet Diversity Score) 9. 03 10. 16 ** Hunger Index (n° of hungry months) 3. 91 2. 96 ** Crop index (n° of crops) 4. 40 8. 13 - Livestock index (TLU) 50. 08 47. 32 - Food expenditure per capita (RAND) 119 333 - Food expenditure in total household budget 30% 58% ** Positive impact on Most severe poverty measures (20% less households on <1$ pers day) Diet diversity Hunger index

IV. Conclusions Outcome analysis shows positive outcomes: Diet diversity Hunger index Poverty rates However actual impact on food security is not there EFSP has positive outcomes but has not yet improved actual food security levels

PARTNERSHIP WITH IDT TRAINING OF ONE HOME ONE GARDEN BENEFICIARIES

Introduction The IDT is in partnership with the DAEA& RD in the implementation of Flagship Programme in the 57 priority wards. DAEA&RD provide training to 40 000 beneficiaries and Provide catering for all 1600 groups

IDT Role To provide Social Facilitation Role To mobilise 40 000 beneficiaries Organise seeds beneficiaries to groups of 25 700 beneficiaries per ward Ensure state of readiness of beneficiaries to receive training Stakeholders engagement Organise Logistics : e. g. venues

Social Mobilisation & Training

Gardens The following gardens have been established. 174 93 12 508 Number of community gardens number of school gardens number of clinic gardens number of homestead gardens

HOUSEHOLD GARDEN IN SISONKE – MZIMKHULU HH 1

Other interventions 20 Tunnels have been established in the following areas Mbangweni 5 5 Bhekabantu Ladysmith Seed 10 distributed to 1 Million Households

TUNNELS

Food. Bank & Technoserve Initiative

The Intergrated Agri-Food. Bank Sustainable model Retailers Smallholder farmers Other Transport to market Fertiliser Agriculture Equipment and seed mentoring and infrastructure subsidy and training programme Business Crop and stock bookkeeping insurance service Procurement Programme Guaranteed off-take agreements Processors/ Manufacturers PACKING / PROCESSING FACILITY AGRI FOODBANK Donated Foods Food. Bank agencies Procurement Programme FOODBANK COMMUNITY DEPOT Donated Foods FOODBANK SATELLITE National Food. Bank Fund Community Education & Health, DSD

Progress Phase 1 business plan by 14 March 2011 Task team to Link to the NSNP , DOH and DSD has been established

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