Food Safety Principles Microorganisms Everywhere FOOD SCIENCE Copyright

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. These Materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™

Foodborne Illness ▪ Each year, 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets

Microorganisms Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

What are Microorganisms? A microscopic life form that cannot be seen with the naked

Food Safety Concern ▪ Food can become contaminated with harmful foodborne microorganisms from: ▪

Food Infection ▪ A form of food poisoning caused by ingestion of foods contaminated

Food Intoxication ▪ A form of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of microbial

Long Term Effects ▪ Brain and nerve damage ▪ Chronic arthritis ▪ Death ▪

Who’s at Risk? ▪ Older adults ▪ People with immune systems weakened by disease

Helpful Microorganisms ▪ Some microorganisms play a major role in the foods we eat

True Story Behind Typhoid Mary | Dark Matters The real "Typhoid Mary" was an

13 Food Safety Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

Four Simple Steps Image source: Fightback. org Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All

Step 1 - Clean ▪ Wash hands and surfaces often ▪ Bacteria can be

Step 2 - Separate ▪ Separate raw meats from other foods ▪ Cross-contamination can

Step 3 - Cook ▪ Cook to the right temperatures ▪ Food is safely

Step 4 - Chill ▪ Refrigerate foods promptly ▪ Refrigerate foods quickly because cold

Recipes for Disaster Contaminated Carbo Load Learn the right food safety steps as Maria

Questions? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 20

References and Resources Guidebook: ▪ Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide A treasure

References and Resources You. Tube™: • Recipes for Disaster – Contaminated Carbo Load Learn

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Food Safety Principles: Microorganisms Everywhere! FOOD SCIENCE

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. These Materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. 2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only, without obtaining written permission of TEA. 3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way. 4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave. , Austin, TX 78701 -1494; phone 512 -463 -7004; email: copyrights@tea. state. tx. us. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 2

Foodborne Illness ▪ Each year, 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets sick from and 3, 000 die of foodborne diseases ▪ Reducing foodborne illness by just 10% would keep 5 million Americans from getting sick each year Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 3

Food Infection ▪ A form of food poisoning caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with living, pathogenic microorganisms Most common: ▪ May be caused by: ▪ Norwalk Virus ▪ Bacteria ▪ Parasites ▪ Viruses ▪ Hepatitis A ▪ Listeria monocytogenes ▪ Rotavirus ▪ Salmonella Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 7

Food Intoxication ▪ A form of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of microbial toxins produced in foods prior to consumption. Most common: ▪ Living microorganisms do not have to be present ▪ Staphlococcus aureus ▪ Clostridium botulinum ▪ Clostridium perfringens Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 8

Helpful Microorganisms ▪ Some microorganisms play a major role in the foods we eat Some fermented foods include: ▪ Fermentation allows certain foods to be safely preserved and prepared ▪ Cheese ▪ Three positive categories of microorganisms are: ▪ Bacteria ▪ Mold ▪ Yeast ▪ Buttermilk ▪ Chocolate ▪ Coffee ▪ Pickles ▪ Sauerkraut ▪ Tea ▪ Yeast breads ▪ Yogurt Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 11

True Story Behind Typhoid Mary | Dark Matters The real "Typhoid Mary" was an Irish immigrant who worked as a cook in well to do American households. Though she was connected to several outbreaks of the disease, she never fell ill herself. (click on image) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

Step 1 - Clean ▪ Wash hands and surfaces often ▪ Bacteria can be spread throughout the kitchen and get onto hands, cutting boards, utensils, counter tops and food Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 15

Step 2 - Separate ▪ Separate raw meats from other foods ▪ Cross-contamination can occur when bacteria are spread from one food product to another ▪ This is especially common when handling raw meat, poultry, seafood and eggs ▪ The key is to keep these foods and their juices - away from ready -to-eat foods Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 16

Step 3 - Cook ▪ Cook to the right temperatures ▪ Food is safely cooked when it reaches a high enough internal temperature to kill the harmful bacteria that cause illness ▪ Know the “Danger Zone” Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 17

Step 4 - Chill ▪ Refrigerate foods promptly ▪ Refrigerate foods quickly because cold temperatures slow the growth of harmful bacteria ▪ Do not over-stuff the refrigerator. Cold air must circulate to help keep food safe ▪ Keeping a constant refrigerator temperature of 40ºF or below is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of foodborne illness ▪ Use an appliance thermometer to be sure the temperature is consistently 40ºF or below and the freezer temperature is 0ºF or below Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 18

References and Resources Guidebook: ▪ Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide A treasure trove of scientific and comprehensive food safety information in one user-friendly, alphabetical format http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Science. Research/Tools. Materials/ucm 216150. htm Images: ▪ Fight Bac! Four Steps color logo http: //www. fightbac. org/ (Slide 14) ▪ Microsoft Office Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft™. (Slides 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 20) ▪ Shutterstock™ images. Photos obtained with subscription. (Slides 9, 15, 16, 17, 18) Textbook(s): ▪ Mehas, K. Y. , & Rodgers, S. L. (2002). Food science: The biochemistry of food and nutrition. New York, NY: Glencoe/Mc. Graw-Hill. ▪ Ward, J. D. , & Ward, L. T. (2013). Principles of food science. Tinley Park, IL: Goodheart-Willcox Company. Website(s): ▪ Bad Bug Book (Second Edition) Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook The Bad Bug Book 2 nd Edition, released in 2012, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness. http: //www. fda. gov/Foodborne. Illness. Contaminants/Causes. Of. Illness. Bad. Bug. Book/default. htm ▪ Fightbac. org The Partnership for Food Safety Education’s mission is to end illness and death from foodborne infection in the United States http: //www. fightbac. org/ ▪ Foodsafety. gov The gateway to food safety information provided by government agencies. http: //www. foodsafety. gov/ Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 21

References and Resources You. Tube™: • Recipes for Disaster – Contaminated Carbo Load Learn the right food safety steps as Maria does everything wrong. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_WFHAZa 4 PMg • True Story Behind Typhoid Mary | Dark Matters The real “Typhoid Mary” was an Irish immigrant who worked as a cook in well to do American households. Though she was connected to several outbreaks of the disease, she never fell ill herself. http: //youtu. be/XE 8 Hww. Nq. HG 4 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 22