FOOD CHAINS TROPHIC LEVELS ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS FOOD CHAINS

FOOD CHAINS TROPHIC LEVELS ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

FOOD CHAINS which Food Chain: is a sequence of feeding relationships describing ______ organism eats another __________. of energy for Sun is the source The _________ food chains. eagle Keep in mind that the arrow tip always points snake towards the “eater”. frog eater grasshopper grass food

FOOD CHAINS There are different levels of consumers…. . Label and write descriptions on your food chain diagram. eagle cannot make Since they _______ their own food, they must consume other eat or “____” organisms. basis of all They form the _____ terrestrial ____ food chains. They use the energy in sunlight _______ to make their own food through a process called photosynthesis _______. snake frog grasshopper grass

FOOD CHAINS There are different levels of consumers…. . Top carnivore: any organism that is ___ not hunted by any other. It’s at the top _____ of its food chain. eagle quaternary consumer The ___ 4 th consumer in a food chain. It eats tertiary ________. consumers snake tertiary consumer The 3 rd ___ consumer in a food chain. consumers It eats secondary _________. frog secondary consumer The 2 nd ___ consumer in a food chain. It eats primary ________. consumers grassprimary consumer hopper 1 st consumer in a food chain. The ___ producers It eats _____. grass

FOOD CHAINS All organisms eventually die and decompose. eagle ______ Detritus: is the waste matter and _______ rotting remains of dead organisms. snake frog detritus grasshopper grass The cycle restarts. Decomposers: are organisms that eat ___ detritus and break _______ it down into nutrients ____. decomposers nutrients Nutrients: are substances needed for an organism’s ______ growth and _____. repair

FOOD CHAINS aquatic ecosystems. Food chains can occur in _______ top carnivore killer whale shark larger fish small fish zooplankton phytoplankton Marine food chains start with microscopic aquatic organisms called phytoplankton that can _______ photosynthesis perform _______ to make their own food.

FOOD CHAINS aquatic ecosystems. Food chains can occur in _______ Though most aquatic food chains start off with photosynthetic phytoplankton that get their energy from the sun, sun there are exceptions. In the 1970 s, scientists discovered deep sea _________ hydrothermal vents in the ocean which were too deep sunlight to reach. for _______ Hydrothermal Vent How could a food chain start without sunlight and photosynthesis? Here they found new types of bacteria that could generate _______ sulfides found in energy using the _______ the vents.

FOOD CHAINS aquatic ecosystems. Food chains can occur in _______ Though most aquatic food chains start off with photosynthetic phytoplankton that get their energy from the sun, sun there are exceptions. In the 1970 s, scientists discovered deep sea _________ hydrothermal vents in the ocean which were too deep sunlight to reach. for _______ Chemoautotrophic Bacteria in Hydrothermal Vents How could a food chain start without sunlight and photosynthesis? Here they found new types of bacteria that could generate _______ sulfides found in energy using the _______ the vents. They didn’t need the sun ___ for energy.

FOOD CHAINS aquatic ecosystems. Food chains can occur in _______ Bacteria in these vents form the basis of vent food chains in the same way as phytoplankton and plants do in other ecosystems. octopus secondary consumer crab primary consumer chemoautotrophic bacteria producer Hydrothermal Vent Organisms

HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS Since humans are not hunted for food by any other animal, and since humans eat almost anything, (well maybe not this) this makes us top carnivores ______. Where are humans on any food chain? Count how many of these animals you’ve eaten in your life. ?

HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS Have you ever eaten one of these? What is it made of? wheat What food chains did you participate in when you ate this? tomato cheese beef onion lettuce

HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS human Humans are mainly _______ primary consumers because we eat a lot of plants _____. When we eat animals, they are usually herbivores _____ , so this makes us also secondary _____ consumers. wheat lettuce onion tomato human cow grass

FOOD WEBS No ecosystem is only made up of only one food chain. Members of one food chain usually also belong to another. When you put all the interconnecting food _______ chains in an ecosystem together, you form a food web ____.

TROPHIC LEVELS Trophic Level: Level It is the position _______ an organism occupies in a food chain. Each link ___ in the chain represents one trophic level. eagle snake frog grasshopper grass On land, the first trophic level begins plants with ______. In the water, the first trophic level begins with phytoplankton _______. shark larger fish small fish zooplankton phytoplankton

TROPHIC LEVELS Trophic Level: Level It is the position _______ an organism occupies in a food chain. Each link ___ in the chain represents one trophic level. eagle 5 th trophic level shark snake 4 th trophic level larger fish frog 3 rd trophic level small fish grasshopper 2 nd trophic level zooplankton grass 1 st trophic level phytoplankton

TROPHIC LEVELS As organisms eat one another, energy ______ is transferred up the food chain. eagle 0. 1 kcal - 0. 9 kcal snake 1 kcal - 9 kcal frog 10 kcal - 90 kcal grass 100 kcal hopper - 900 kcal grass 1000 kcal However, as energy is moved from one trophic level to the next, 10 ___ % of the energy makes it only to the next level. This 10 % is used to build biomass _______ bodily functions as well as to fuel _______. 90 of the This means that ___% energy is lost, mostly in the form detritus and as heat of _______ from metabolic processes.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. Total energy present in tertiary consumers. 1) Pyramid of Energy: Energy This pyramid indicates the amount of energy ______ that is present in each trophic level. The amount of energy decreases as you always _____ move up trophic levels. Total energy present in secondary consumers. Total energy present in primary consumers. Total energy present in producers.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 1) Pyramid of Energy: Energy This pyramid indicates the amount of energy ______ that is present in each trophic level. The amount of energy decreases as you always _____ move up trophic levels.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. Total biomass present in tertiary consumers. 2) Pyramid of Biomass: Biomass This pyramid indicates the amount of biomass _______ that is present in each trophic level, in a given area. Biomass is the amount of dry matter (without _____ water) within organisms. On land, the amount of decreases as biomass _____ you move up trophic levels. Total biomass present in secondary consumers. Total biomass present in primary consumers. Total biomass present in producers.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 2) Pyramid of Biomass: Biomass This pyramid indicates the amount of biomass _______ that is present in each trophic level, in a given area. Biomass is the amount of dry matter (without _____ water) within organisms. On land, the amount of decreases as biomass _____ you move up trophic levels.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 2) Pyramid of Biomass: Biomass In the water, the amount of biomass increases ____ as you move up trophic levels, creating an inverted _______ pyramid. This is only possible because the reproductive rate of the organisms increases as you go down ____ trophic levels. Total biomass present in tertiary consumers. Total biomass present in secondary consumers. Total biomass present in primary consumers. Total biomass present in phytoplankton.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 2) Pyramid of Biomass: Biomass In the water, the amount of biomass increases ____ as you move up trophic levels, creating an inverted _______ pyramid. This is only possible because the reproductive rate of the organisms increases as you go down ____ trophic levels.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 3) Pyramid of Numbers: Numbers This pyramid indicates the _____ of individuals population at each trophic level. The typical pyramid of decreases as you numbers _____ move up trophic levels. This occurs when many _____ small and _____ numerous producers feed a smaller ______ number of consumers. Total population of tertiary consumers. Total population of secondary consumers. Total population of primary consumers. Total population of producers.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 3) Pyramid of Numbers: Numbers This pyramid indicates the _____ of individuals population at each trophic level. The typical pyramid of decreases as you numbers _____ move up trophic levels. This occurs when many _____ small and _____ numerous producers feed a smaller ______ number of consumers.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 3) Pyramid of Numbers: Numbers However, when the producers are large ____ , and fewer in number than are _____ the primary consumers, the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid. Total population of tertiary consumers. Total population of secondary consumers. Total population of primary consumers. Total population of producers.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids These are diagrams that represent each trophic level according to its energy ______ , biomass _______ or population _____. 3) Pyramid of Numbers: Numbers However, when the producers are large ____ , and fewer in number than are _____ the primary consumers, the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid.

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