FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY CONCEPTS Definition Components Availability

FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY CONCEPTS Definition Components § Availability § Accessibility § Utilization Tools to assess Food and Nutrition Security Intervention programmes for food and nutrition insecurity

DEFINITION OF TERMS Food security: Exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO 2000). • This definition has widely established the four pillars of food security: availability, accessibility, utilization and stability. Nutrition security: “a person is considered nutrition secure when she or he has a nutritionally adequate diet and the food consumed is biologically utilized such that adequate performance is maintained in growth, resisting or recovering from disease, pregnancy, lactation and physical work”… (Frankenberger et al. 1997, p. 1 ; FAO/WFP 2014

DETERMINANT OF FOOD SECURITY Availability of food in enough quantity and quality Accessibility Cost Effective Poverty Alleviation Programme Government policy on Agriculture Improved food technology Family composition Cultural and religious food taboos

DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY Poor Road Network Knowledge on Adequate nutrition Control of the Sexual transmitted infections (including HIV) Food system environment Epidemic /pandemic diseases ; emergency situations Provision of health Services

VARIOUS WAYS OF IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY Increase Food technology Female education Encouraging Home Gardening Budgetary Allocation for Food security Good Transportation System Increase Traditional Food Technology Training and Retraining Agriculture extension Workers Good Food Preservation and Storage

IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY Regular Electricity Supply Healthy Environment Effective Health Care System Publics Enlightenment on crops, livestock and dietary diversification Effective Programme on Insect infestation Creation of Awareness and Disseminating Information Educational materials on consequences of food insecurity Community Participation in Food Security programme Provision of Extensive land for large farming Effective Distribution of Fertilizer

DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITION SECURITY Nutrition Security deals with utilization of food in the body system. Most of the factors that apply to food security are also for the Nutrition Security except the following: 1. Food Security: Food security be ensured before Nutrition Security is achieved. 2. Hygienic Home Setting: 3. Hookworm Infestation and other infections 4. Bio-availability of Essential Nutrients from Local Foodstuffs: 5 Methods of food Preparation: 6. Nutritional Assessment of Individual This becomes necessary to examine the effect of the food on the body.

VARIOUS MEANS OF IMPROVING NUTRITION SECURITY The various means of improving nutrition security are the same for Food Security, expect. i. Provision of Health Services: ii. De-worming Programme: iii. De-worming infants iv. De-worming school children v. Regular Growth monitoring and Promotion: vi. Establish Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre vii. Training and Retraining Health Care Providers viii. Promotion of contraceptive use: necessary for improving quality of life/child spacing on both rural and urban areas

EXTERNAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT DOMAIN Promote the smooth and secure flow of food trade in support of food security and nutrition; Support and protect smallholder farmers and their value chains/ market access; Support local food systems, through linking them with major food supply chains; Monitor food prices, food security and malnutrition indicators; Adopt subsidies and taxes which promote the purchasing and consumption of nutritious foods;

EXTERNAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT Strengthen and adapt social protection programmes in light of price fluctuations, income losses and nutritional needs; Include food system and food supply chain actors as essential services to ensure availability, while protecting workers with sanitary measures; Upkeep of food fortification programmes Support major food providers to undertake needs-based purchasing that ensures the availability of basic food items, including fresh fruits and vegetables.

PERSONAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT DOMAINS Adapt the delivery of social protection programme to improve accessibility and affordability in a manner that complies with movement and crowd restrictions, harnesses volunteers and creates employment opportunities; Explore food rationing systems based on health, nutrition, equity and decency Strengthen nutrition education and messaging to protect breastfeeding Promote nutritious food products, Dispel myths, encourage healthy cooking techniques

PERSONAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT DOMAINS Place emphasis on food safety and waste reduction in line with the latest nutritional advice; Invest in, scale-up and explore digital and other innovative and solidary approaches for food provision Grocery shopping platforms to enhance convenience; reach vulnerable populations; Improve wholesale markets, smallholder farmers and local producers’ access to larger points of sale and consumers; Support local government level action to strengthen food supply and food environments Improve accessibility through home delivery of food for vulnerable populations and create employment opportunities. (give cash )

NUTRITIONAL ADVICE DURING PANDEMIC Nutritional advice does not change because of the pandemic, but it does take on added urgency Consult trustworthy information sources such as UN agencies and government health/ nutrition platforms. Avoid false information about a particular food A healthy dietary pattern, diverse and abundant with fruits and vegetables, Whole grains, nuts, and seeds; modest amounts of animal source

NUTRITIONAL ADVICE DURING PANDEMIC Foods; minimal in amounts of processed meats, Minimal in amounts of foods and beverages High in energy and added amounts of sugar, saturated fat, trans fat, and salt, is important to keep immune systems working at their best. Unhealthy diets and malnutrition is the leading cause of ill health. Very important to consume sustainable healthy diets to ensure all bodily functions work well, inc luding immunity.

NUTRITION ADVISE CONTD Unhealthy diets, leading to overweight and obesity should be avoided Unhealthy diets are the leading cause of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, heart disease, cancer and chronic respiratory disease Unhealthy diets are also a primary cause of poor control of NCDs and resulting adverse health outcomes. People with NCDs are at a heightened risk of becoming severely ill with COVID-19.

NUTRITION ADVICE CONTD Food safety is crucial to limit both the spread of COVID 19 and exposure to other illnesses. Practice hand washing with soap before and after grocery shopping, handling, preparing and consuming food. Support local food producers and vendors. Minimize food waste. Practice solidarity. Avoid panic purchasing and where possible and safe, help the vulnerable with their food purchases and other needs

NUTRITION ADVICE Now is the time to Work towards a healthier, more nutritious future. The current COVID-19 generated food environment disruption poses a huge global challenge, But also an opportunity. Mitigating its consequences with collaborative solutions, solidarity and reinforcement of local food systems, may open up and lead the way towards sustainable transformation. We need to builds resilient food systems with healthy nutrition at their core