Food and Nutrition Conference and Expo FNCE by

Food and Nutrition Conference and Expo (FNCE) by Lisa Holman Image: FNCE. eatright. org

What is FNCE? • Food and Nutrition Conference and Expo in Atlanta, GA • Major annual conference for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics • Over 8, 000 registered dietitians, nutrition science researchers, policy makers, health-care providers • 16 educational tracks • 60 -70 educational sessions per day for 3 days • 350 exhibitors Image: blog. generalmills. com

Lecture topics for Today’s Discussion Food Fermentation: Connecting Ancient Traditions with Science Speakers: Kayellen Umeakunne, Sandor Katz, Annette Maggi Read The Human Gut Microbiome: Its Impact on Nutrition and Health Speakers: Cindy Davis, Johanna Lampe, Kathryn Camp Application of ''Omic'' Technologies to Personalize Nutrition Speakers: Lacy Davidson, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Wendy Bazilian Read Image: wikipedia. org

Food Fermentation: Connecting Ancient Traditions with Science Transformative action of microorganisms and the enzymes they produce. • Intentional or desirable transformations • Anaerobic processes mostly, some aerobic Fermentation is practiced in all parts of the world. • Predates recorded history • No food that can’t be fermented • Environmental conditions determine what can grow, fermentation is largely manipulation Food Preservation • Single most important benefit of fermentation Fermentation transforms food nutritionally but each transformation is different • Pre-digestion, detoxification, nutrient enhancement, live bacterial cultures Image: wikipedia. org

Food Fermentation: Connecting Ancient Traditions with Science • Diet matters! • Maternal diet impacts gut bacteria of the infant (Penders et al Pediatrics 118: 2: 2006) • Study looking at the gut microbiota of children in Africa vs Italy (Di. Fillipo et al PNAS 107: 33: 2010) • Restrictive diets eliminate substrates needed by beneficial bacteria • Hydrogen sulfate by product from eating red meat may negatively impact colon flora • Gut microbiota changed by vegetarian diet (David et al Nature 000: 1 -5: 2013) • Impacts the availability of CHO, PRO, fat and many other bioactives

The Human Gut Microbiome: Its Impact on Nutrition and Health • Microbiome vs Microbiota • Composition and luminal concentrations of microbial species vary along the GI tract (Sartor RB Gastroenterol 2008) • 16 s RNA genes • Inter-individual variation • Is the infant gut sterile? • Microbes interactions with diet and immunity • Microbes impact on nutrition and vice versa Ecberg et al Science 2005

Ottman Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012; 2: 104.

The Human Gut Microbiome: Its Impact on Nutrition and Health • 2013 sales up to 960 million… most common non mineral non vitamin supplement • WHO definition: live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host “Live” = viable which requires demonstration “Administered in adequate amounts” = effective dose varies by strain and health condition, also dose response studies aren’t common • Irritable bowl syndrome and probiotics as an example (Rogers et al Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 18: 2: 112 -119) • Gut microbiota linked to health outside the intestine: obesity • Microbiome research still considered an emerging science

Hanage Nature 2014 7514(512)

Dutton and Turnbaugh Curr Opinions Clin Nutr and Metabolic Care 15: 448 -54, 2012

Application of ''Omic'' Technologies to Personalize Nutrition Nutrigenomics - using genomic information “omic” technologies to address issues important to us in nutrition and human health Image: file: ///Users/lisaholman/Downloads/a 974_1. pdf

Application of ''Omic'' Technologies to Personalize Nutrition - Original direction of this field produced disappointing results Environmental role nutrition! Celiac disease as an example of how this technology could be used Caffeine and CVD or HTN risk Does personalization make a difference? Is this technology ready for prime time? Image: http: //blog-epi. grants. cancer. gov/2012/07/20/how-should-new-technologies-be-integrated-into-cancer-epidemiology/