Food and Nutrients Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Chains
Food and Nutrients
Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Chains of monomers (single units) make polymers (macromolecules) • Digestive enzymes breakdown polymers into their monomers
Carbohydrates • Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • Major source for energy • Made up of monosaccharides (simples sugars (e. g. glucose, fructose, galactose) • Can form disaccharides (e. g. glucose + fructose = sucrose) and polysaccharides (e. g. glycogen and starch)
Fiber • Cellulose from cell walls cannot be digested by humans • Insoluble fiber helps hold water and helps your muscles move food and wastes through your digestive system • Soluble fiber may reduce the risk of heart disease
Proteins • Made up of amino acids • Hair, muscles, enzymes • Excess amino acids cannot be stored, so you need to eat protein every day • Found in animal products such as meat, milk, eggs and cheese
Lipids • Made from fatty acids and glycerol (triglycerides) • Energy storage • Help absorb fat-soluble vitamins • Cushioning and insulation
The good, the bad and the ugly! Unsaturated Fats – Have at least one double-bond carbon in the fatty acid chain – Usually liquid at room temperature – Small amounts are good for a healthy diet Saturated Fats – – Single-bonded carbons in fatty acid chain Contains the maximum number of hydrogen's (saturated) Solids at room temperature Eat sparingly Trans Fats – Unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated (had hydrogen added to them) – Longer shelf live, solids at room temperature – Should be avoided
Vitamins & Minerals • Nutrients needed in small quantities • If carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are the building blocks, then vitamins & minerals are the tools
Vitamins – Organic nutrients (contain carbon) – Water- or fat-soluble – Water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and B cannot be stored and need to be in your daily diet – Small amounts of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can be stored Minerals – Inorganic nutrients (e. g. Ca, Fe, P, Cu, Na, Zn) – Minerals should be a part of your daily diet to replace what you lose in sweat and urine
Water • Most important nutrient!
Macromolecule Summary Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Dietary Source Cereals, bread, rice, potatoes Meat, eggs, cheese, beans Cheese, milk Polymer (macromolecule) Polysaccharides Polypeptides Triglycerides Monomer (subunits) Monosaccharides (simple sugars) Amino acids Glycerol & fatty acids Enzyme Amylase, lactase Proteases: pepsin, peptidase, trypsin Lipases Energy!! Growth &repair, enzymes, transport, energy Cellular membranes, nerve cells, hormones, energy Functions
Matching Quiz • http: //www. neok 12. com/Health-Nutrition. htm – Quiz on Nutrition #1 and #2
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