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The Non-Aggression Pact was signed Aug. 23 1939 between Germany and the USSR. Ø Hitler and Stalin both agreed to not attack each other. Ø Land was promised to Stalin by Hitler. Ø They secretly agreed to divide up Poland. Ø Also secretly agreed that the USSR can control Finland the Baltic countries.

Ø Germany launched surprise attacks in Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 Ø Planes invaded Poland’s airspace with bombs and terror Ø Hitler mercilessly bombed Warsaw (Capitol of Poland) Ø Poland fell three weeks before Sept 3, 1939 Ø On Sept 3 – France and Britain declared war on the Axis Powers. Ø Hitler annexed western half of Poland, leaving eastern half for Stalin. Ø “Blitzkrieg” were named so because they were fast moving

Ø Hitler swept Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg and sent larger troops to the Ardenries (all apart of a strategy to strike at France) Ø Germans squeezed through the Maginot Line in 10 days. Ø May 26 1940 – Allied troops trapped in Lille Ø Allies escaped to Dunkirk, where Britain sent rescue ships from May 26 to June 4 to save the Allied troops from the Axis powers. Ø June 10 – Italy joined the Axis powers and attacked France from the south. Ø June 22 - France surrendered Ø French general Charles de Gaulle escaped to London to set up government in exile committed to the liberation of France Ø France was eventually liberated in 1944

Ø Germany planned to destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) of Britain and land 250, 000 soldiers on its shore Ø Hitler ordered bombings of Britain Ø British were outnumbered by almost 2: 1 Ø Sept. 7, 1940 – Germany raided cities with bombs (esp. London) Ø In 1938, Britain had acquired the technology of radar and a machine German code cracker called Enigma Ø The British fought back hard and refused to surrender Ø Eventually, Hitler turned to night raids instead in Oct 1940 Ø On May 10, 1941, Hitler called off the attacks on Great Britain

Ø June 22 1941 – Germans announced the Blitzkrieg attack upon the USSR. Ø USSR was unprepared and not all well equipped Ø Germans destroyed and burned everything in their path Ø Sept. 8, 1941 – Germany surrounded the city of Leningrad, which refused to surrender despite the starvation of the civilians Ø Oct. 2, 1941 – Nazis started to move towards Moscow Ø USSR General Georgi Zhukov counterattacked Ø The Soviets had the harsh winter and 100 fresh Siberian troops on their side Ø Germans were in their summer uniforms and their fuel and oil froze Ø Germans refused to retreat and lost the battle.

Ø Passed March 1941 by Congress Ø President can lend or lease American arms and other supplies to any country vital to the USA. Ø Summer of 1941 - the US Navy escorted British ships which carried US arms Ø Britain would pay cash and then carry the arms on their own ships Ø Hitler ordered submarines to sink cargo ships

Ø On Aug 29 1941 – President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill secretly met on a battle ship off Newfoundland Ø They drafted the Atlantic Charter which upheld free trade among nations and the right of people to choose their own government Ø This charter later reused as the Allies peace plan at the end of WWII

Ø Japan believed that Pearl Harbor was a “dagger pointed at [their] throat” that has to be destroyed. Ø December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor was bombed under the Japanese Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto Ø The Japanese had sunk and damaged 18 ships, eight of which were battleships. – which was nearly the whole US Pacific fleet Ø 2400 American were killed and over 100 people were injured. Ø Congress then declared war on Japan the next day.