FOCUS ON ANALOGIES An analogy shows a relationship
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FOCUS ON: ANALOGIES An analogy shows a relationship between words. A typical analogy problem looks like this: ___ 1. collie : dog : : (A) fish : water (B) bird : eagle (C) airplane : fly (D) hammer : tool (E) train : railroad The analogy can be stated this way: A collie is to a dog as a __ is to a ___? Use the following four steps to find the answers to to an analogy problem…
Four Steps to An Analogy Problem 1. Determine the relationship between the first two words. 2. Make up a sentence using the two words. Example: A collie is a type of dog. 3. Decide which of the choices given have a similar type of relationship. 4. Test your choice by substituting the pair of words for the original pair in the sentence that you made up.
BEST ANSWER It becomes obvious that (D) is the best answer to this problem when you use the example that a hammer is a type of tool.
Type of Analogy • • • • Example cause to effect virus: cold : : carelessness: errors part to whole finger: hand: : spoke: wheel object to purpose broom: sweep: : knife: cut action to object dribble: basketball: : fly: kite item to category trout: fish: : corn: vegetable word to synonym nice: pleasant: : few: dearth type to characteristic deer: swift: : turtle: slow word to antonym nice: unpleasant: : cowardly: brave object to material shoe: leather: : necklace: gold product to source apple: tree: : milk: cow worker to creation composer: symphony: : author: novel worker to tool carpenter: hammer: : surgeon: scalpel time sequence sunrise: sunset: : winter: spring word: word derived form act: action: : image: imagine
Analogies: Complete ten examples below Determine the relationship between the capitalized words. Then decide which word pair expresses a similar relationship. Write the letter of this word pair 1. TEETH: CHEW: : (A) race: win (B) television: watch (C) nose: smell (D) dance: practice (E) argument: fight 2. WHEEL: CAR: : (A) room: house (B) garden: flower (C) food: table (D) air: steam (E) book: chapter 3. HERO: BRAVE: : (A) lawyer: legal (B) food: hungry (C) joke: funny (D) honesty: honest (E) morning: nightly 4. PAINTER: BRUSH: : (A) plumber: wrench (B) hen: rooster (C) bicycle: travel (D) hike: trail (E) tongue: mouth
5. SAIL: SEA: : (A) peel: pear (B) run: exercise (C) walk: shoe (D) skate: ice (E) play: volleyball 6. SULLEN: GLOOMY: : (A) warm: boiling (B) long: short (C) uncivilized: barbaric (D) selfish: generous (E) unhappy: happy 7. BREAD: BAKERY: : (A) milk: dairy (B) hammer: carpenter (C) valentine: pharmacy (D) garage: car (E) farmer: farm 8. SCULPTER: STATUE: : (A) pilot: airplane (B) story: author (C) mechanic: auto (D) doctor: pill (E) painter: portrait 9. RAFT: WOOD: : (A) electricity: energy (B) paper: book (C) furnace: coal (D) shirt: cotton (E) basketball: sport 10. BANKRUPT: PROSPEROUS: : (A) interior: exterior (B) desperate: hopeless (C) pedestrian: ordinary (D) economical: thrifty (E) universal: worldwide
