Focus Lesson Please get your FCIM Mitosis Use

Focus Lesson Please get your FCIM: Mitosis Use your notes on Page 31 to complete the first definition colum NOVEMBER 24 TH, 2014

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How is genetic material transmitted to new cells? Daily Objectives: SWBAT Describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information. SWBAT Explain how the similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance. SWBAT Recall the components and structure of DNA.

HOW WILL WE GET THERE? Last Class FCIM: Cell Cycle Organelles Mitosis Notes 31 Reflection 30 Diagramming DNA 32 I. P. Mitosis 33 This Class FCIM: Mitosis DNA Structure and Replication (Pg 35) Candy Lab (Pg 34) HL: Science Fair � Choose a topic � Create a question � Conduct research � Form a hypothesis

HOME LEARNING IS LEARNING! If you do not finish work in class, you are responsible to do so on your own time. Open up to page 33. If you did not complete this assignment in class it should have been completed as home learning. Don’t forget to turn in SREs for extra credit!

GUIDED NOTES: DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION Packing and copying our genetic material for cell division PAGE 35

RETRO QUESTION: Answer the following on the Do Now section of your notes. What is the function of a Nucleic Acid/DNA? What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid?

WHAT IS DNA? DNA is the genetic code universal and common to almost all living things! We all have DNA! CFU: What do we mean by universal?

SOUND LIKE A SCIENTIST! What does DNA stand for? �Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA STRUCTURE The structure of DNA allows it to condense a ton of information.

DNA STRUCTURE DNA is made of 4 nitrogen base pairs. � Adenine (A) -Thymine (T) � Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C) � These form the “steps” of our staircase. � A is a complementary pair to T � C is a complementary pair to G

YOU PRACTICE 1. What would be the correct DNA parings in the DNA of a spider? Adenine-guanine; cytosine-thymine B. Adenine-thymine; cytosine-guanine C. Cytosine-adenine; guanine-thymine D. Cytosine-thymine; guanine-adenine A.

YOU PRACTICE 2. The nucleotide sequences found in two different species are made of the same base pairs. �What is this is evidence of?

YOU PRACTICE 3. Why would you be able to take the DNA from a human and insert it into a mouse? a) Because mice and humans are both part of the animal kingdom b) Because humans have special DNA that can take over any other DNA. c) Because DNA is universal to all organisms d) Because a mouse’s DNA can accept any type of DNA

DNA STRUCTURE The whole monomer of a N. A. is a called a nucleotide. BUT REMEMBER! This single unit is made up of 3 different things!! 1 2 3 Draw a nucleotide on Pg 20

The sides of the stair case are made up of phosphate and sugar. The steps on the stair case are made up of nitrogen bases attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. Phosphate Nitrogen Base Sugar e og dr y H nd Bo n

PACKING DNA STRUCTURE The DNA is twisted into the shape of a double helix. � Which can then be twisted into chromosomes Remember this? Those are chromosomes!

PRACTICE Put the following structures in order from smallest and to largest: Word Bank: Nucleus, chromosome, chromatid, DNA double-helix, base pairs Answer: Base pairs, DNA doublehelix chromatid, chromosome, nucleus

DNA FUN FACT! Any two unrelated strangers anywhere on the planet share 99. 9 percent of the same DNA. A miniscule fraction of the genome—about 3 million of its over 3 billion bases—accounts for the vast differences within the human race. “But wait! How can DNA be the same in every organism but create so much genetic variety? ”

GOOD POINT FACE PAINT GUY… DNA Function The structure of DNA allows it to be a common system that can code for a wide range of things. The structure of DNA is always the same but the order of the nucleotides codes for different genes.

FUNCTION DNA CODES FORGENES The different genes code for different proteins. All individuals have different variations or sequences of base pairs. For example: GTACA might make a protein for small lips and AGTGA might make a protein for large lips: TTTTTT AGTGA

CFU How is genetic information stored in DNA? -as different patterns of nucleotides True or False. The more similar (alike) two organisms are, the more DNA patterns they have in common. -True

“Wow. DNA is so cool! But what happens when we need more of it? Like, when a cell divides? Good point baby Willow Smith. Remember during mitosis and meiosis when we needed to replicate the DNA?

HOW DOES DNA COPY ITSELF? DNA Replication is when the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. DNA Replication 1 DNA 2 DNA

HOW REPLICATION OCCURS Helicase “unzips” a molecule of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds. The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called DNA polymerase even “proofreads” each new DNA strand! Why does it make sense to call it DNA Polymerase?

DNA REPLICATION

LET’S PRACTICE TOGETHER! Find the complimentary strand: C –A –T –T –G –G –C –A –A G –T –A –A –C –C – G –T –T

CANDY LAB: DNA REPLICATION PAGE 34 If you have not met expectations today, you will be moved to the lab area to complete book work on page 34. Each group will receive one handout. � Assign roles: 1 Director 1 Material Manager 2 Lab Technicians Read the handout and follow all of the directions. You will diagram your results, and answer Analysis Questions on Page 34 of your notebook.

SCIENCE FAIR You have a six day holiday to do four things: Choose a topic that you are interested in. 1. www. sciencebuddies. org can help if you get stuck! Create a scientific question that interests you. 3. Do some research! Find resources that will help you answer this question. 4. Develop a hypothesis. What do you think the answer will be. 2.