Flying in Denmark a brief introduction to rules

Flying in Denmark - a brief introduction to rules and regulations foreign military aircrews flying in Danish airspace. Prepared by Flight Information Service, Air Command Denmark. Last update: 2018 -12 -06

Copenhagen FIR Vertical limits: Ground/Sea level to infinity Controlled airspace: North Sea FL 195 -FL 660 3500 FT-FL 660

Airspace classification Class A: Not applicable in Denmark Class B: Not applicable in Denmark Class C : Copenhagen Area and TMA’s within Copenhagen and Billund area and airspace above FL 195. Class D : All CTR’s and TMA’s outside Copenhagen and Billund Area Class E : Airspace between 3500 FT MSL and FL 195, except North Sea within Copenhagen FIR, and Copenhagen area Class F : Not applicable in Denmark Class G : 1. Airspace from GND/SL to 3500 FT MSL, except Copenhagen Area. 2. North Sea from SL to FL 195. 3. TIZ/RMZ’s and TIA/RMZ’s.

Airspace classification Sketch only - consult relevant aeronautical charts for exact information For Billund see next slide Filled areas indicate uncontrolled airspace

ATS AIRSPACE Esbjerg Billund area

Copenhagen Area extends vertically from 1500/2500 FT to FL 195. If a flight, or part of a flight, takes place within or above Copenhagen Area, clearance shall be obtained from Copenhagen Approach, Roskilde Approach or ACC Copenhagen respectively.

Visual Flight Rules (VFR) 1. For all aircraft operating at 250 KIAS or more, a flight visibility of 8 KM or more is required, except in airspace class G during daylight, when flying at or below 3000 FT MSL or above 1000 FT AGL, whichever is the higher 2. Helicopters may operate VFR if flight visibility is equal to, or greater than 800 M, if manoeuvering at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or obstructions in time to avoid collision. 3. Flight visibility at night will be at least: 8 KM for fighters and other aircraft exceeding 140 KIAS 5 KM for aircraft operated at 140 KIAS or less 3 KM for helicopters operated at 140 KIAS or less

Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Airspace class C, E, G and D (TMA) Altitude Airspace class Flight visibility At or above FL 100 CDEG 8 KM 1500 M horizontally 1000 FT vertically Below FL 100 and above 3000 FT AMSL, or above 1000 FT above terrain, whichever is the higher CDEG 5 KM 1500 M horizontally 1000 FT vertically CDE 5 KM 1500 M horizontally 1000 FT vertically At and below 3000 FT AMSL, or above 1000 FT over terrain, whichever is the higher G Distance from cloud Clear of cloud and with 5 KM 3 KM/140 KT the surface in sight

Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Control Zones (Airspace Class D): VFR flights in Control Zones require meteorological conditions equal to or better than: Ceiling Visibility: 1500 FT 8 KM at day and night for fighter aircraft 5 KM at day and 8 KM at night for other aircraft (When ceiling is between 1500 FT and 2500 FT, separation will be established between military VFR flights and civil IFR and special VFR flights. )

Special VFR - may be approved by ATC in a Control Zone, provided meterological conditions are equal to or better than: Fighters and other aircraft exceeding 140 KIAS 5 KM / 8 KM Aircraft operating at 140 KIAS or less 3 KM / 5 KM 500 FT Clear of clouds Helicopters operating at 140 KIAS or less 800 M / 3 KM 3) 500 FT 2, 3) Clear of clouds 1000 FT 1) Clear of clouds

Special VFR Note 1: For fighter and other aircraft operating at 140 KIAS or more, ceiling may be reduced to 500 FT AGL in connection with take off and departure via specific routes during daylight hours. Note 2: For helicopters operating at 140 KIAS or less, ceiling may be reduced to 300 FT AGL in connection with lift off, departure and approach via specific routes during daylight hours. Note 3: In connection with NVG flying visibility may be reduced to 1500 meters and ceiling to 300 ft AGL provided that the crew is able to transition to IFR flight.

General Information Flying with transport- or jet aircraft, below 2000 FT AGL, light aircraft below 1000 FT, is not allowed, except when specifically ordered in the Airtask or Exercise Order. Minimum altitude over towns, recreational areas etc. shall always be 2000 FT above highest obstacle within 600 metres. However light aircraft and helicopters are allowed down to 500 FT above the highest obstacle within 600 metres. (1000 ft over towns, recreational areas etc. ) if landing in a critical situation can take place without any danger to persons or property. Transport and jet aircraft Light aircraft and helicopters, Min 2000 FT Min 1000 FT 600 metres

General Information Supersonic flying (M. 97+) is prohibited, unless specifically ordered, or: 1. Flying above FL 100, 10 -35 NM off the coast, heading away from the coast line 2. Flying above FL 100, 35 NM+ from the coast, no heading restrictions. Use of afterburner below 5000 ft AGL/ASL is prohibited, except: 1. Flying over the Sea, minimum 2 kilometres off the coast 2. During take-off, touch and go, overshoot 3. During emergencies 4. Attack exercises on shooting ranges or air bases (prior permission from ATC is required!)

Altitude restrictions Over land: Over towns and recreational areas: Over the sea more than 2 km off the coast: Not lower than 500 FT AGL Not lower than 2000 FT AGL I. a. w. national regulations Simulated attacks: Military airfields inside perimeter fence: Ground targets in civilian terrain: Not lower than 300 FT AGL Not lower than 500 FT AGL

Airspeed restrictions The following maximum airspeeds are to be observed over land, including the sea within 2 kilometres off the coast: Above 2000 FT AGL: Subsonic 1000 -2000 FT AGL: 500 KT (GS) 500 -1000 FT AGL: 480 KT (GS) Below 500 FT AGL: 450 KT (GS)

Flight Plan 1. A complete ICAO flight plan must be filed for: - flights outside Copenhagen FIR - flights landing on a civil airfield - flights departing from a civil airfield - IFR flights - night VFR flights above 3000 ft MSL 2. In all other cases, file a reduced flight plan containing: - Callsign /SSR code - Number and type of aircraft - ETD - EET - Mission and area/route - Endurance - Name of Aircraft Commander

VFR flying above 3500 FT Military aircraft flying over Danish territory above 3500 ft, are to contact an Aircraft Controlling Unit (ACU) or ATS unit for flight following/flight information service. Separation to non-operational air traffic: FL 460 IFR or Controlled VFR only min. 5 NM, or FL 195 min. 1000 FT

Search and Rescue EH-101 SAR helicopters are based at Skrydstrup (EKSP), Aalborg (EKYT) and Roskilde (EKRK). Crews are on alert H 24. Guard frequency is monitored at all military ATS-units and ACU units during their hours of operation.

Bird intensity Bird migration occurs during the whole year, but culminates in the periods end of March to Mid-May (spring migration) and beginning of September to Mid-November (autumn migration). If flying in areas with high bird intensity the pilot must maintain at least 2000 ft if birds are observed. Permanent bird concentration areas shown primarily indicate concentration areas for breeding and resting waterbirds (swans, geese, ducks, coot, waders and gulls). Flying below 1500 FT will involve increased risk of bird strike.

ECM guidelines/restrictions in Copenhagen FIR include: 1. Self-protection chaff may be used within the exercise area 2. Chaff longer than 50 cm. must not fall on land including the sea within 2 km off the coast. 3. Active ECM against radar installations will not be employed within 12 NM of any NATO border. 4. The use of IR-flares is not allowed over land including the sea within 2 km off the coast.

Miscellaneous 1. Overdue ATC will start communication search if an aircraft is overdue on ETA + 5 minutes. CALL ATC IF DELAYED, and extend flightplan 2. Radio contact Call ATC 25 NM out for clearance, prior to entering TIA’s, TIZ’s, CTR’s, TMA’s and Copenhagen Area. Maintain listening watch at all times. 3. Transition from VFR to IFR: If unable to maintain VMC in uncontrolled airspace, and unable to obtain IFR clearance prior to going IMC: Climb to and maintain 2500 FT until VFR or an IFR clearance is obtained. Request IFR-clearance from Copenhagen ACC or any near-by ATC unit.

Emergency procedures An emergency should be declared by using either ”PAN” or ”MAYDAY” The phrase ”Declaring an emergency” will also be understood, but if used alone ATC will judge the severity of the situation and act accordingly. You will be asked for information about the nature of the problem. All pilots must be familiar with standard emergency procedures for radio failure and the use of MAYDAY and PAN calls. 1. Triangular patterns can be used in Denmark. Reduced chance of being seen without IFF/SIF: A. Transmitter out, receiver OK: Right hand pattern B. Transmitter out, receiver out: Left hand pattern Squawk EMERGENCY. If possible, fly at FL 250 or above at contrail altitude. Await interception.

Emergency procedures 2. VMC approach with radio U/S: Transmit blind position reports. Squawk 7600 mode 3. Approach via IP, 500 FT AGL, Light flashing, wings rocking. Fly along RWY in use on right side, pull up to downwind at far end, and look for light signals from TWR 3. IFF/SIF YES/NO procedure: ATC will ask specific questions which can be answered YES or NO. Squawk Ident for YES, nothing if NO.

4. Speechless procedure: (Use tone button or press transmitter) 1 dot ”affirmative”, ”roger”, ”wilco” 2 dots ”negative” 3 dots ”say again” 4 dots ”request homing” 1 dash ”steady” or ”field in sight” X (-. . -) ”emergency” 1 -9 dots means numbers one through nine 1 dash zero

Restricted airspace Restricted, - and Danger areas are annonunced active on a day-to-day basis by NAV WARNING SUMMARY FOR COPENHAGEN FIR AND ADJACENT WATERS. (www. flv. dk/milais)

Danish bases Aalborg (EKYT) Runways: 08 L/26 R (main) 8694 x 148 FT 08 R/26 L (parallel) 8362 x 75 FT Landing aids: ILS/LOC, VORTAC, NDB, LNAV-VNAV Communication: VHF/UHF for TWR, APP, ARR Arrester gear: RWY 08 L/26 R : Bak 12/14 in both ends RWY 08 R/26 L : 34 D-1 F in both ends

H 03 /21 Danish bases Karup (EKKA) 09 R/27 L Runways: 09 R/27 L (main) 9607 x 150 FT 09 L/27 R (parallel) 9816 x 75 FT 03/21 2889 x 50 FT 14/32 2273 x 75 FT Landing aids: ILS/LOC, TACAN, NDB, LNAV-VNAV, LPV Communication: VHF/UHF for TWR, APP and ARR Arrester gear: RWY 09 R/27 L: Bak 12/14 in both ends RWY 09 L/27 R: 34 D-1 F in both ends

Danish bases Skrydstrup (EKSP) 10 L/2 8 R 10 R/2 8 L Runways: 10 L/28 R (main) 9863 x 150 FT 10 R/28 L (parallel) 9750 x 80 FT Landing aids: ILS/LOC, VORTAC, LNAV Communication: VHF/UHF for TWR, APP and ARR Arrester gear: Primary: Bak 12/14 in both ends of 10 L/28 R Secondary: 34 D-1 F (MOD) in both ends of 10 L/28 R 34 D-1 F in both ends of 10 R/28 L

Flight Information The following publications, with relation to general flying in Denmark, are published by Flight Information Service: 1. Flying in Denmark: Small pamphlet giving foreign aircrews the most basic information on rules and regulations when flying in Danish airspace. 2. Military Aeronautical Information Publication Denmark (MIL AIP Denmark). Detailed information on airspace, routes, exercise areas e. t. c. 3. Royal Danish Air Force Flight Information Publication (RDAF FLIP). Contains instrument departure and approach procedures for all danish military bases and 12 civilian airports. Procedures are gradually being transitioned from TERPS design criteria to PANS OPS (MIPS) criteria. In the transition period both types may be found in the FLIP. It is clearly marked in the header of each procedure whether it is a TERPS procedure or a PANS OPS/MIPS procedure. 4. Low Flying Chart 1: 500. 000 Denmark. Standard VFR navigation chart. 5. Transit Flying Chart 1: 250. 000 Denmark (6 charts )

Flight Information MIL AIP Denmark, NOTAMS and Daily Navigational Warnings may be found on the internet at: http: //www. flv. dk/milais