Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Charles

Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Charles H. Bronson COMMISSIONER Mosquito Control in the CDD Celebration Development District May 11, 2009

Discussion Topics Ú Reasons for Mosquito Control Ú Basic Biology Ú Methods of Mosquito Control Ú Surveillance: Key to Mosquito Control Ú Mosquito Control in Celebration

Reasons for Mosquito Control Disease Control ÚDengue ÚWest Nile Virus ÚSt. Louis Encephalitis ÚEastern Equine Encephalitis ÚMalaria

Reasons for Mosquito Control Disease Control Ú Malaria – 3. 2 billion people in 107 countries at risk of malaria – 350 – 500 million clinical episodes/yr – 1 million deaths/yr Ú Encephalitis – Costs 20 K to 3 million for long term care

Reasons for Mosquito Control Ú Quality of Life – Mosquito attacks significantly reduce ability to enjoy outdoors – reduces recreational activity, tourism, etc.

Mosquito – Basic Biology Insects – Diptera Approximately 200 species in U. S. – Two wings, wings have scales. – Female mosquitoes' mouthparts form a long piercing-sucking proboscis. – Males have feathery antennae and mouthparts not suitable for piercing skin. – A mosquito's principal food is nectar or similar sugar source.

Mosquito – Basic Biology Female mosquitoes – take a blood meal for egg production Four stage life cycle Adapted for marginal environments Adapted for rapid increase in numbers Quickly overwhelm other predators

Mosquito – Basic Biology Ú Species vary in: – Preferred habitat – Preferred egg laying – – sites Host Range Times of peak activity Preferred harborage Ability (competence) to transmit disease Ú Results in – variability in control method effectiveness

Mosquito Species of Concern Ades taeniorhynchus Aedes aeqyptii Aedes sollicitans Ades albopictus Ades vexans Culex nigripalpus Culex quinquifasciatus Coquillattidia perterbans* Psorophora columbiae

Methods of Mosquito Control Source reduction Larvaciding Adulticiding

Methods of Mosquito Control Source reduction disrupts life cycle: – Prevent egg laying and development – Empty water receptacles – Drain standing water – Clean gutters – Abandoned cisterns?

Methods of Mosquito Control Larviciding Ground Based Truck or Hand Aerial Liquid or Granular

Methods of Mosquito Control Larvicides ACTIVE INGREDIENT BRAND NAME Temephos s-methoprene Abate Altosid Diflubenzuron Dimilin GB-1111 Mono-molecular film Bacillus thurigiensis israelensis Bacillus sphaericus Golden Bear Agnique, Arosurf Bti Vectolex

Methods of Mosquito Control Adulticiding Ground Based: Aerial: Truck, Hand Thermal, ULV

Methods of Mosquito Control Adulticides ACTIVE INGREDIENT BRAND NAME Malathion Fyfanon Naled Dibrom Chlorpyrifos Dursban Natural Pyrethrins Resmethrin Permethrin Pyrocide Scourge Bio-mist, Aqua Reslin Anvil Sumithrin

Methods of Mosquito Control ULV – truck or aircraft High Pressure systems

Methods of Mosquito Control Ú Adulticiding – Droplet size of application important! – Too small – will not reach target – Too large – will fall out – Ideal = 15 -20 microns – impacts mosquitoes

Methods of Mosquito Control Ú Adulticiding “Timing of Application” – Must be done when adults mosquitoes active – Usually dusk/dawn/night – Avoid times/places bees are active – Aquaculture

Methods of Mosquito Control Ú Biological Controls – Bats – Birds (Blue Marlin) – Insect Predators – Mosquito Fish (Gambusia)

Methods of Mosquito Control What is the Basis of Successful Mosquito Control? Surveillance!

Mosquito Control Surveillance - Defines nature and extent of problem (numbers and species) - Basis for determining when/how to treat - Used to determine efficacy/need for retreatment - Chapter 5 E-13, FAC changed to require surveillance to justify spraying

Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques: ÚTelephone requests – “Battle is already lost” – Reflects only actively biting adults – Calls need to be logged in and mapped (identified) – Over time a historical record can be developed

Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques: Ú Landing rate counts – Record number per minute – What number justifies spraying? – No-repellant can be worn! – Ethical issues – worker exposure to disease carrying mosquitoes

Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques: ÚTrapping – Light traps – CDC & New Jersey – Baited (CO 2 or octenol) – Un-baited Ú Location important! Ú Truck traps Ú Suction traps

Mosquito Control Surveillance Trapping Ú Traps collected daily or several times per week Ú Adult mosquitoes “speciated” (ID) & counted Ú Data logged and mapped

Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques: ÚLarval/Pupal Stages – Inventory potential sites – Visually inspect when weather conditions permit – Dip cups – ID species on site – Record stage of development and number per dip – Data logged and mapped

Mosquito Control in the CDD

Mosquito Control in Celebration Why do you need mosquito control in CDD?

Mosquito Control in Celebration Treatments Performed in CDD in 2008 Osceola County MCD Ú Bio. Mist 31 + 66 (permethrin) Ú Total of 8 applications Ú Rate 0. 00148 lbs/ac Ú Treated CDD as one unit Clarke Mosquito Control Ú Bio. Mist 4 + 4 (permethrin) Ú Total of 719 applications Ú Rate 0. 00175 lbs/ac Ú Partitioned CDD into Treatment Zones Maximum Label Rate = 0. 18 lbs/ac/yr Cannot exceed 102 applications/yr

Mosquito Control in Celebration Ú Osceola County MCD Applications in 2008 Date July 28 Aug 11 Aug 18 Product Bio. Mist 31+66 AI Permethrin, PBO --------- Sept 4 Bio. Mist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO Sept 15 Bio. Mist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO ----- Sept 24 Bio. Mist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO Oct 20 Bio. Mist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -------

Mosquito Control in Celebration Clarke Mosquito Control Applications Ú Used two products alternately – Anvil 10+10 (Sumethrin + PBO) – Bio. Mist 4+4 (Permethrin + PBO) Ú Divide CDD into 9 Treatment Zones

Mosquito Control in Celebration

Mosquito Control in Celebration Ú Clarke Mosquito Control Applications in 2008 Acres/ Zone Total Gal Used/ Zone Apps/ Zone Miles/ Zone 1 26 18. 9 687. 3 67. 01 2 89 14. 1 512. 7 169. 81 5 89 3. 1 112. 7 36. 89 7 98 10. 5 381. 8 177. 70 10 89 5. 6 203 67. 21 11 96 10. 4 378. 2 172. 78 12 96 5. 6 203 93. 11 14 44 4 145. 45 21. 58 15 92 7. 4 269. 1 117. 63

Mosquito Control in Celebration Clarke Applications App Rate Lbs/ Ac Osceola Applications Zone App/ Zone App Rate Lbs/ Ac Total Lbs 1 26 0. 00175 0. 0455 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 0573 2 89 0. 00175 0. 1558 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1676 5 89 0. 00175 0. 1558 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1676 7 98 0. 00175 0. 1715 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1833* 10 89 0. 00175 0. 1558 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1676 11 96 0. 00175 0. 1680 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1798 12 96 0. 00175 0. 1680 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1798 14 44 0. 00175 0. 0770 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 0888 15 92 0. 00175 0. 1610 8 0. 00148 0. 0118 0. 1728

Mosquito Control in Celebration Applications to Zone 7: Ú Maximum rate for permethrin applications is 0. 180 lbs/ac/yr Ú Maximum rate for permethrin was exceeded by 1. 7% – (0. 0033 lbs/ac ÷ 0. 18 lbs/ac max label rate X 100%) – (0. 0033 lbs/ac ≈ 1. 5 grams (paperclip)) Ú Maximum number of applications was exceeded (max number of applications is 102; 106 were made) Ú Exceeding maximum label rate and number due to lack of coordination between OMCD and CDD

Mosquito Control in Celebration Summary Recommendations for CDD 1. Coordinate applications in CDD with OMCD – OMCD downsized MC operations – Contracted with Clarke MC to handle applications – Ms. Sherry Burroughs appointed as Director of OMCD

Mosquito Control in Celebration Summary Recommendations for CDD 2. Train a member(s) of the CDD Board of Directors in MC – – Assist/direct contractor spray missions Act as liaison to OMCD Act as liaison to CDD citizens Publish information (monthly? ) for CDD citizens (IPM)

Mosquito Control in Celebration Summary Recommendations for CDD 3. Develop standard treatment protocols agreeable to citizens of CDD – Develop standardized criteria for surveillance • • Landing rate counts Trapping (locations, numbers needed to treat) Mosquito identification (“speciate”) Monitor disease vectors

Discussion / Questions