FLORAL DESIGN Essential Standard 7 00 Understand floral

FLORAL DESIGN Essential Standard 7. 00: Understand floral design

Design Materials

FOUR BASIC TYPES OF DESIGN MATERIALS • • Line Flowers Mass Flowers Form Flowers Filler Flowers

LINE FLOWERS • • Line Flowers (and foliage)- create height, width and a balanced look in the arrangement. Line flowers are attractive by themselves in a tall vase. They produce floret blooms on tall spikes Examples: ● ● ● Snapdragons Foxglove Liatris Gladiolus Scotch broom

LINE FLOWER EXAMPLES • • Snapdragons Gladiolus

MASS FLOWERS • • Give your arrangement weight. Mass flowers are usually round and full. They are usually the focal point of color and interest in an arrangement. Mass flowers are a good choice for a simple, quick vase of flowers and are often sold in bunches Produce flowers on the end of stems

MASS FLOWER EXAMPLES • • • Carnations Sunflower Alstroemeria Gerbera or Shasta Daisy Zinnia Mums Rose Daffodil Tulip Hydrangea Lemon leaf

FORM FLOWERS • • • Center the arrangement Form flowers are colorful, large and unique shaped flowers They catch the eye of the viewer

FORM FLOWER EXAMPLES • • • Anthurium Bird of Paradise Iris Calla lilies Peony Stargazer Wax Flower Orchids Ferns

FILLER FLOWERS • • Fill your arrangement Filler flowers usually have many little flowers and small foliage giving your arrangement a soft, full look They connect mass and line flowers A few branches can give added beauty to any arrangement

FILLER FLOWER EXAMPLES • • Baby’s Breath Queen Anne’s Lace Ferns Heather Statice Asters Sprengeri fern Bear grass

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLE #1 • Balance ● The flower size and the container flow together and complement each other

PRINCIPLE #2 • Focal Point ● Creates the accent and interest to catch the eye

PRINCIPLE #3 • Proportion ● Keeps relative size, color, and texture of the flowers to create a pleasing arrangement. Floral designs should be at least 1 ½ to 2 times the height or width of the container

PRINCIPLE #4 • Scale ● Design must be in proportion to the surrounding area where it is placed

PRINCIPLE #5 • Accent ● Used to catch attention and draw attention to the design

PRINCIPLE #6 • Repetition ● Accentuates the flowers and colors by repeating their use throughout the design

PRINCIPLE #7 • Rhythm ● Creates a sense of continuity or flowing together

PRINCIPLE #8 • Harmony ● When all parts flow together to give a completed look to the arrangement

PRINCIPLE #9 • Unity ● When the flowers complement each other through color, size, and shape

DESIGN SHAPES

ROUND • Flower arrangement is basically round in shape

OVAL • Flowers make an oval shaped arrangement

FAN • Flowers make a fan or semicircle shaped arrangement

TRIANGLE • Shape may be equilateral triangle with all three sides the same length or asymmetrical triangle with sides of different lengths

RIGHT ANGLE • Flowers make an L shape

INVERTED-T • Flowers make an upside down T (⊥)

VERTICAL • Straight up, in a bud vase, tall vertically, narrow horizontally

HORIZONTAL • Long horizontal and short vertically

DIAGONAL • Half way between vertical and horizontal

CRESCENT • Shaped like a quarter moon

HOGARTH CURVE • Shaped like an S curve

DESIGN TOOLS

FLORAL DESIGN TOOLS • Floral Foam- foam used to hold flowers in a container Fresh flower floral foam- absorbs water. Soak it in water prior to starting your arrangement ● Dry flower floral foam- does not absorb water. Used for dried or silk flowers. This floral foam is dense. ● • Styrofoam- coarse in texture and is used mostly for silk flowers

FLORAL DESIGN TOOLS • Wire- supports flower stems or creates artificial stems ● ● ● ● Boxed wire measures 18” in length Wire gauge ranges from #6 to #30 The higher the gauge number, the thinner the wire #22 wire is used for wiring heavy flowers #24 -26 gauge wire is a good general purpose wire, used for securing bows #28 gauge wire is used for wiring average weight flowers Paddle wire (wire on a wooden or plastic spool)- used to wire pine cones and accessories to wreaths, etc. and is available in different gauges

FLORAL DESIGN TOOLS • • • Wire cutters- cut wire Picks- wooden picks with wire increase the stem length and attach bows or ribbon used in the design Floral tape Waterproof tape is used to attach floral foam to the container ● Floral tape (stem wrap) is a tacky tape used to wrap wire. It is used to conceal wire and stems when creating boutonnieres and corsages. ● • • Shears- cut woody stemmed flowers/plants Scissors- cut ribbon or fabric

FLORAL DESIGN TOOLS • Ribbon- sold in bolts by number, size and texture ● Number Size • • ● #1. 5 - 5/16” #2 - 7/16” #3= 9/16” Commonly used for corsages and boutonnieres #5= 7/8” Commonly used for potted plants #9= 1 5/16” commonly used for potted plants #40= 2 ½” commonly used for wreath bows #100= 4” commonly used for funeral sprays Texture • • Satin Organza Mesh Burlap Raffia Prints solid Paper Wired and unwired

FLORAL DESIGN TOOLS • • • Floral Knife- cut flower stems Containers- range from bud vases to large containers. Can be made of glass, plastic, glazed pots and light weight liners Foil- paper to wrap a potted plant. Sold in rolls or pre-cut sheets

DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR A FRESH FLORAL ARRANGMENTS

STEPS IN DESIGNING ARRANGEMENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Select a Design Shape Select appropriate container Cut floral foam and soak in water for 20 minutes if needed. Set foam in container and secure if needed Select fern or other filler and arrange to cover the foam if needed. Extend at least 1 ½ times width of container Insert flower to create the desired height Insert additional flowers to make the design outline and focal point Add other flowers as needed to create the arrangement Arrange filler flowers such as baby’s breath last to give a completed appearance

THE COLOR WHEEL

COLOR PRINCIPLES • • Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue In traditional color theory (used in paint and pigments), primary colors are the 3 pigment colors that can not be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. All other colors are derived from these 3 hues. Secondary Colors: Green, orange and purple These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors. Tertiary Colors: Yellow-orange, redpurple, blue-green & yellow-green These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. That's why the hue is a two word name, such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange.

COLOR CONT. • • Complementary colors are across from each other on the color wheel Color adds harmony • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=V 2 CK 2 Tat. M_U • Holland flower auction • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Slf_XNro. XS 8 • flowers to business