Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas Presented by

Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas Presented by: Jayson L. Helsel, P. E. KTA-Tator, Inc. 1

Flooring Options Overview • • Moisture assessment Surface preparation Coating options Slip resistance 2

Learning Objectives • Completion of this webinar will enable the participant to: Ø Describe two typical moisture tests for concrete floors and what the common acceptance criteria are for each Ø List typical surface preparation methods used for concrete floors prior to coating application Ø Identify at least three common options for coating concrete floors subjected to foot traffic Ø Understand general slip resistance requirements and list the common minimum value necessary for coefficient of friction 3

Moisture Assessment • • Plastic sheet method: ASTM D 4263 Calcium chloride test: ASTM F 1869 In-Situ Relative Humidity: ASTM F 2170 Moisture meters: F 2659 & F 710 4

Moisture Assessment • Plastic sheet method (ASTM D 4263) Ø Square sheet of clear plastic film taped to the slab surface Ø Remains for 16 -24 hours Ø Look for moisture development 5

Moisture Assessment • Calcium chloride test (ASTM F 1869) Ø Determines vapor emission rate in pounds/1000 sq ft/24 hrs Ø Known mass of anhydrous calcium chloride placed under sealed dome Ø Remains 60 -72 hours Ø Weight increase determines amount moisture Ø Typical limit = 3 lbs/1000 sq ft/24 hrs 6

Calcium Chloride Test • Quantifies volume of water emitting from a 1000 square foot slab per 24 hours 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Plan the test Prepare the test site (CSP 1 -2) Weight cartridges; record weights Open cartridges Place cartridges, domes and seal domes Start testing End test; reweigh and calculate results 7

Calcium Chloride Test 8

Calcium Chloride Test 1. Record start and stop dates and times 2. Record pre- and posttest weights. Calculate weight gain 3. Multiply weight gain by constant (118. 932), then divide by elapsed time of test 9

Moisture Assessment • In-situ Relative humidity in slabs (ASTM F 2170) Ø Holes drilled to 40% (one side) or 20% (two-sided) of slab thickness Ø Plastic inserts or probes inserted and sealed Ø Measure after 72 hours Ø 75% is typical maximum (ASTM F 710) Ø Coating manufacturer may specify maximum 10

Moisture Assessment • Moisture meters Ø Intended for floors/slabs (and walls) Ø Operatesby measuring the electrical resistance or conductivity between the tips of two insulated pins at the surface or subsurface using concrete nails Ø Resistance converted to a relative moisture content Ø Testing destructive when holes must be drilled 11

Moisture Assessment • Moisture meters Ø Some types nondestructive, use electrical impedance measurement Ø Contacts rest on concrete surface Ø May also report humidity Ø Mostly used prior to flooring application 12

Surface Preparation • • Perform thorough assessment Need sound surface p. H measurement Specify appropriate patching materials – Cementitious products – epoxy, urethane – 100% acrylic products 13

Surface Preparation • Surface cleaning to remove grease, oil, contaminants, etc. – SSPC-SP 1 – ASTM D 4258 – Air, water cleaning, scrubbing, sweeping or vacuuming may be acceptable 14

Surface Preparation • Blast cleaning – Lower pressures – SSPC-SP 13 – ASTM D 4259 • Variations – Centrifugal wheel blast unit, e. g. Blastrac 15

Surface Preparation • International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) – Technical Guideline No. 310. 2 -1997 (formerly No. 03732), “Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymers Overlays” • Defines levels of preparation based on surface profile roughness • Includes surface replica comparison panels 16

ICRI 310. 2 • “Concrete Surface Profile, ” CSP 1 - CSP 10 – CSP 3 to 5 typically specified for floor coatings 17

ICRI 310. 2 • CSP 3 – Light shotblast 18

ICRI 310. 2 • CSP 5 – Medium shotblast 19

ICRI 310. 2 • CSP 6 – Medium scarification 20

Surface Preparation • Hand/power tools – ASTM D 4259 – Smaller areas – E. g. rotopeen 21

Surface Preparation • Acid etching – ASTM D 4260 – Surface must be free of: • Sealers, coatings, grease, oil, etc. – Typical acids • Hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, citric – Thorough removal of spent acid 22

Surface Preparation Inspection • • Uniform and clean surface Sound concrete Surface p. H Moisture content 23

Coating Options • • Polished concrete Epoxy Methyl methacrylate acrylic (MMA) Polyurea/polyaspartic Polyurethane Moisture cured polyurethane Cementitious urethane 24

Polished Concrete • Densifier to increase surface density and abrasion resistance – Penetrating alkyl silicate/siliconate product • Micro film forming surface treatment (sealer) optional • Polishing/honing of floor • Color may be added • Regular cleaning required 25

Polished Concrete • Limited chemical resistance • Typical applications – Big box stores – Grocery stores – Mall stores – Office lobbies 26

Polished Concrete 27

Epoxy Coatings • Variety of epoxy chemistries – Polyamide, polyamine, novolac – Typically 100%/high solids • Typical system – Epoxy primer – Epoxy base coat(s) • Aggregate broadcast typical • Decorative broadcast possible – Topcoat/sealer (optional) 28

Epoxy Coatings • Product example – Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 30 -50 grit sandpaper – Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll – Primer: Epoxy at 4 -8 mils DFT – Basecoat: Epoxy at 60 -75 mils – Broadcast coat: Epoxy at 60 -75 mils – Topcoat: Epoxy at 8 -12 mils 29

Epoxy Coatings • Product example (self leveling) – Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 30 -50 grit sandpaper – Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll – Primer: Epoxy at 4 -8 mils DFT – Topping: Epoxy, pour/spread to 250 mils – Topcoat: Epoxy at 4 -8 mils 30

Epoxy Coatings • Product example (thinner film) – Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 50 -80 grit sandpaper – Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll – Primer: Epoxy at 5 -8 mils DFT – Topcoat: Epoxy at 8 -16 mils DFT 31

Epoxy Coatings • Typical applications: – Commercial kitchens – Restaurants – Grocery/food preparation – Restrooms – Office/apartment lobbies 32

Epoxy Coatings 33

MMA Coatings • Methyl methacrylate acrylic chemistry • Typical system (125 mils total DFT) – Moisture: 85% Max RH – Surface preparation: ICRI 310. 2 CSP 5 – Roller application – MMA primer – MMA basecoat with quartz broadcast – MMA topcoat (2 coats) 34

MMA Coatings • Typical applications – Commercial kitchens – Grocery stores – Laboratories – Animal holding – Manufacturing/processing 35

MMA Coatings 36

Polyurea/Polyaspartic Coatings • 100% solids aliphatic polyurea/ polyaspartic • Product example – Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion – Application by trowel/squeegee – Primer: Epoxy at 2 -3 mils DFT – Basecoat: Polyurea at 8 -12 mils DFT • Vinyl chip broadcast option – Topcoat: Polyurea clearcoat at 8 -12 mils DFT 37

Polyurea/polyaspartic Coatings • Typical applications: – Commercial kitchens – Restaurants – Grocery stores – Restrooms 38

Polyurethane Coatings • High solids aliphatic polyurethane • Product example – Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid etch – Application by roller – Primer: Epoxy at 2 -3 mils DFT – Basecoat(s): Polyurethane at 2 -4 mils DFT, multiple coats typical 39

Moisture Cured Polyurethane Coatings • Single component aliphatic MCU • Product example – Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid etch – Application by roller – Primer: MCU or Epoxy at 2 -3 mils DFT – Basecoat(s): MCU at 2 -4 mils DFT, multiple coats typical 40

Polyurethane/MCU Coatings • Typical applications: – Showrooms – Cafeterias – Laboratories 41

Cementitious Urethane • 100% solids aromatic cementitious urethane – May have broadcast aggregate • High abrasion resistance • High chemical resistance 42

Cementitious Urethane • Product example – Moisture: 20 lb Max Ca. Cl 2 or 99% Max RH – Surface preparation: ICRI 310. 2 CSP 4 -5 – Application: Trowel applied at 250 mils – Optional topcoat, with or without aggregate broadcast 43

Cementitious Urethane • Typical applications – Commercial kitchens – Processing areas – Pharmaceutical – Wet areas – Exterior 44

Cementitious Urethane 45

Slip Resistance • Utilize flooring material that has acceptable slip resistance under foreseeable conditions • Applicable regulations for required Coefficient of Friction (COF) are not always clear 46

Slip Resistance • Typical recommendations include: – 0. 5 COF by ADA and OSHA – 0. 6 COF recommended for accessible routes – 0. 8 COF recommended for ramps 47

Slip Resistance • Many test methods and corresponding equipment for measuring slip • Testing equipment – Drag sled machines – Articulated strut machines – British pendulum – Others 48

Slip Resistance • Test methods (partial list) – ASTM F 1677, Portable Inclineable Articulated Strut Slip Tester – ASTM F 1679, Variable Incidence Tribometer – ASTM C 1028 M, Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces – NFSI B 1010. 1 -2009, Test method for Measuring Wet SCOF of Common Hard Surface Floor Materials – ASTM F 609, Horizontal Pull Slipmeter 49

Summary • • Moisture assessment Surface preparation & inspection Coating options Slip resistance 50