FIXED ACTION PATTERNS NAME TUBA SAHER NAME TAKREEM

FIXED ACTION PATTERNS NAME TUBA SAHER NAME TAKREEM ZAHID

FIXED ACTION PATTERN • Fixed action patterns are said to be produced by the innate releasing mechanism, a "hardwired" neural network, in response to a sign stimulus or releaser • Once released, a fixed action pattern runs to completion

• Fixed action patterns have been shown to be evolutionarily advantageous, as they increase both fitness and speed Characteristics • Stereotyped: Fixed action patterns occur in rigid, predictable, and highly structured sequences • Complex: Fixed action patterns are not a simple reflex. They are a complex pattern of behaviour

• Species-characteristic: Fixed action patterns occur in all members of a species of a certain sex and/or a given age • Released: Fixed action patterns occur in response to a certain sign stimulus or releaser • Triggered: Once released, a fixed action pattern continues to completion • Independent of experience: A fixed action pattern is not learned

Sign stimulus • A FAP is a series of action triggered by a cue sometime called the key stimulus • It is triggered by a sensory environmental stimulus called a sign stimulus. • The term sign stimulus also known as a releaser, is the determining feature of a stimulus that produces a response

EXAMPLE • Three-spined stickleback, a small fresh water fish, During the breeding season male develop a red belly and display innate aggressive behavior towards the other males. .

OTHER EXAMPLE • Fixed action pattern also occur in groundnesting water birds, like graylag geese. If a female graylag goose’s egg rolls out of her nest , she will instinctively use her bill to push the egg back in to the nest • in a series of very predictable movements. If the egg that rolls out of the nest is picked up and taken away , the goose will keep moving her head as though pushing an imaginary egg

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