FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY 1 DEFINE LOCATION Where

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

1. DEFINE LOCATION Where something is located in space. Location allows you to discuss places in the world in terms that everyone can understand.

LOCATION – TERMS 1. Absolute location – The exact spot on Earth where a place can be found. 2. Relative location – The location of one place in relation to another place. 3. Latitude – Lines that run East and West (parallel to the equator). 4. Longitude – Lines that run North and South of the equator between the North and South Poles.

2. DEFINE PLACE What a place is like. EXAMPLES: 1. Climate 2. Landforms 3. Human characteristics 4. Physical features 5. Bodies of water 6. Plant and animal life

3. DEFINE HUMANENVIRONMENT INTERACTION Interaction between human beings and their environment. It occurs because humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the world around them.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION – NOTES 1. Some places change because the people have changed them (meadows, farming). 2. Pollution is a harmful effect. 3. Adaptation – humans have adapted their way of life to the natural resources that their local environment provided. 4. Interaction – People and the environment continually interact.

4. DEFINE MOVEMENT People, goods, and ideas move from one place to another. So do animals, plants, and other physical features of Earth.

MOVEMENT – EXAMPLES 1. Migrate means to move from one area and to settle in another. 2. Migration occurs because of either advantages or disadvantages in a place. 3. Natural barriers, such as mountain ranges. 4. Sometimes people move within a country. For example, many people have migrated from farms to cities. 5. Emigrate – moving from one country to another, taking their ideas and customs with them.

REASONS FOR MOVING 1. Problems in one place push some people out. 2. Advantages in another place pull people in. 3. Push Factors – Poverty, overcrowding, lack of jobs, schooling, prejudice, war, and political factors. 4. Pull Factors – A higher standard of living, employment, and educational opportunities, rights, freedom, peace, and safety.

BARRIERS TO MOVEMENT 1. Natural Barriers – mountain ranges, canyons, and raging rivers make moving difficult. 2. Natural Barriers – Oceans, lakes, navigable rivers, and flat land make moving easier. 3. Modern forms of transportation have made it easier for people to move back and forth between countries.

5. DEFINE REGION A region is a group of places that have physical features or human characteristics, or both, in common.

REGIONS – NOTES 1. A geographer interested in languages might divide the world into language regions. 2. Geographers compare regions to understand the differences and similarities among them. 3. A natural region has its own unique combination of plant and animal life and climate.

TEN NATURAL REGIONS 1. Tropical Rain Forest 2. Tropical Grassland 3. Mediterranean 4. Temperate Forest 5. Cool Forest 6. Cool Grassland 7. Desert 8. Tundra 9. Arctic 10. High Mountain