Five Fundamental Categories By Bhupendra Ratha Lecturer School

Five Fundamental Categories By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu 261@gmail. com

Background of Fundamental Categories n In 1952, Ranganathan published the 4 th edition. This included a major new development, the introduction of the PMEST (Personality, Matter, Energy, Space, Time) categories. The basic idea of five categories was present in the earlier edition, but was not clearly defined.

Fundamental Categories Main Class , [P] ; [M] : [E] . [S] ‘ Many classifiers, catalogers and theorists have struggled with the distinction between Personality, Matter, Energy, Space, and Time. [T]

Decreasing sequence of concreteness n Classification of books in Indian national library during 1991. n 1991 n India n Classification [E] n Books n National library [T] [S] [M] [P]

Personality [P] n n The Personality facet indicates the core point of the subject at hand. Characteristics of main class. Comma (, ) is Connecting symbol for personality. Use of personality in different main classes according to their facet formula and specific rules.

Use of Personality n Personality as a Space [S] For ex: Indian history British law V 44 Z 56

Cont… n Personality as a time [T] For ex: Biography of Dr. Ranganathan 2 w. M 92

Cont… n Personality as a Language For ex: English language Hindi literature P 111 O 152

Matter [M] n n The Matter facet typically deals with some concrete object, typically inanimate. Matter are basically material, property and things. Semicolon (; ) is the connecting symbol for the matter. Use of matter only in few main classes such as Library science, Biology, Fine arts etc.

Use of matter For ex: Reference book in Library 2; 47 Painting on wood NQ; 1 Paper currency X 61; 4

Energy The energy facet indicates to actions, problems or work efficiency. n This could be persons, objects or any entity acting alone or with another. n This could include conceptual or intellectual entities as well. n The connecting symbol for energy is colon (: ). n

Use of Energy Reference services in national library 213: 7 Management of foreign banks X 6295: 8

Space n Space facet indicates to geographical area such as nation, state, city. n Space isolate gave on the page no. For different areas. n Use of space in few main class for [P] such as History, Law. n Dot (. ) is Connecting symbol for space.

Use of Space n Political geography of India n Income tax in India n Curriculum in USA U 5. 44 X 724. 44 T: 2. 73

Time n We can easily understand to time facet. n To the time facet given a chapter time isolate on the page no. 2. 7 In the colon. n In the time isolate, time period can be divided in millennium, decade, year etc. n Use of time in different main class according to their rules. n The connecting symbol for time is single inverted comma (‘).

Use of Time n International trade in 20 th century. X: 5. 1’N n University education in 1951 T 4’N 51