Fish on Fluoxetine Fins of Fury or Fins

Fish on Fluoxetine: Fins of Fury or Fins of Fainéant V. Baur, C. Cruciotti, S. Gardner, I. Kadrmas, L. Millward, M. O’Boyle, S. Reeves, S. Greene, & A. D. Szalda. Petree Results Introduction Department of Psychology 2 (groups) X 3 (conditions) Mixed ANOVA conducted on Bites Fluoxetine Effect University of Montana • Group main effect - (F(1, 24)= 1. 868, p= 0. 184, ηp 2= 0. 072) • Anti-depressants are often improperly disposed or not filtered out of treated sewage, Audience Effects • Male behaviors vary according to the presence of a female, leading to a decrease in more offensive aggressive behaviors like biting (Dzieweczynski et al. , 2005). 1, 00 Average Amount Natural Behavior • Betta splendens males are aggressive for reproductive purposes (Dzieweczynski et al. , 2005). • Males secure territory in order to build a bubble nest to attract a female, and then raise the young on their own (Dzieweczynski et al. , 2005). 0, 60 0, 40 0, 20 Baseline Drug No Female Prime Return to Baseline Female Prime Lateral Displays • Participants & Materials • 26 male Betta splendens and 9 female Betta splendens served as subjects. • Each fish received their own tank with brown gravel, a heater, a bubbler, and males received a T-maze. • A stock solution of 0. 5 mmol was created using the antidepressant Fluoxetine. • Two cameras and camera stands were used for recording all fish with the Debut Video Capture Software. 12, 00 Hypotheses Findings • Hypothesis one was not supported. No significant differences were found between the female primed and no female primed groups. • Hypothesis two was supported. There was a significant decrease in behavior during the drug condition when compared to the baseline conditions. 10, 00 8, 00 6, 00 4, 00 2, 00 Baseline Drug No Female Prime Return to Baseline Female Prime Gill Flaring Average (Seconds) 14, 00 Implications • The drug has a significant negative impact on three of the four aggressive response behaviors. • The negative impact affects low risk behaviors used to intimidate a rival. Biting however, is a high risk behavior used for self-defense and elimination; making it the least common behavior and not often recorded. • The administration of the drug has a clear effect on the aggressive response behaviors, resulting in a decreased arousal when presented with a rival. This decreased arousal has an impact on their instinctual territorial behavior which is key to reproduction. Potential Future Changes • For this project the age of the Betta splendens was unknown, but future projects could specify an age range or acquire subjects through a specified breeding pool. • The recording methods pose a unique challenge that could be overcome by water proof cameras. This would allow us to examine the behaviors more closely and from a more effective angle behind a two way mirror. 12, 00 10, 00 8, 00 6, 00 4, 00 2, 00 0, 00 Baseline Drug No Female Prime Biting Lateral Displays Gill Flaring Fin Spreading Return to Baseline Female Prime Fin Spreading • The amount of bites, and time spend lateral displaying, gill flaring, and fin spreading were coded analyzed. (Diagram of procedure presented on bottom right. ) References Dzieweczynski, T. L. , Earley, R. L. , Green, T. M. , and Rowland, W. J. (2005). Audience effect is context dependent in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Behavioral Ecology, 16(6), 1025 -1030. Mackul'Ak, T. , Bodik, I. , Hasan, J. , Grabic, R. , Golovko, O. , Vojs-Stanova, A. , Gál, M. , Naumowicz, M. , Tichý, J. , Brandeburová, P. , & Hives, J. (2016). Dominant psychoactive drugs in the Central European region: A wastewater study. Forensic Science International, 267, 42 -51. 12, 00 Alleyway 10, 00 Goal Box 8, 00 6, 00 4, 00 Camera/ Stand 2, 00 0, 00 Baseline No Female Prime Drug Return to Baseline Female Prime Discriminative Stimulus Mirror Dzieweczynski, T. L. , and Hebert, O. L. (2012). Fluoxetine alters behavioral consistency of aggression and courtship in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Physiology & Behavior, 107(1), 92 -97. doi: 10. 1016/j. physbeh. 2012. 06. 007. 14, 00 Average (Seconds ) • • * p <. 10, ** p <. 05, *** p <. 01 Discussion 0, 00 Procedure • Males were screened prior to testing and randomly assigned to one of two groups: Female Prime or No Female Prime, while matched on latency to aggress toward a mirror. • There were 3 conditions used in this experiment: Baseline, Fluoxetine Exposure, and Return to Baseline. • Males in the drug group were exposed to the drug solution 3 hours prior to daily trials. • The subjects completed 5 mirror trials daily where they swam from the start box to the goal box containing the mirror. • The subjects were recorded, with the camera, once they reached the goal box containing the mirror for 30 seconds. • The videos were broken down into the core four behaviors 2 (groups) X 3 (conditions) Mixed ANOVA conducted on Fin Spreading • Group main effect (F(1, 24)= 0. 006, p= 0. 941, ηp 2= 0. 000) • Condition main effect - (F(2, 48)= 5. 102, p=0. 010, ηp 2= 0. 175) *** • Group X Condition interaction - (F(2, 48)= 0. 757, p=0. 475, ηp 2= 0. 031) 14, 00 Average (Seconds) Methods 2 (groups) X 3 (conditions) Mixed ANOVA conducted on Gill Flaring • Group main effect - (F(1, 24)= 0. 002, p= 0. 966, ηp 2= 0. 000) • Condition main effect - (F(2, 48)= 7. 232, p=0. 002, ηp 2= 0. 232) *** • Group X Condition interaction - (F(2, 48)= 0. 005, p=0. 995, ηp 2= 0. 000) 0, 00 Hypotheses 2. There will be a difference in the total amount of bites, and time lateral displaying, gill flaring, and fin spreading between the Fluoxetine condition and non-Fluoxetine conditions. 2 (groups) X 3 (conditions) Mixed ANOVA conducted on Lateral Displays • Group main effect - (F(1, 24)= 0. 165, p= 0. 688, ηp 2= 0. 007) • Condition main effect - (F(2, 48)= 3. 874, p=0. 028, ηp 2= 0. 139) ** • Group X Condition interaction - (F(2, 48)= 0. 427, p=0. 655, ηp 2= 0. 017) 0, 80 Aggressive Response Behaviors • There are four primary aggressive response behaviors used to chase away a rival and attract a female: biting, lateral displays, gill flaring, and fin spreading (Dzieweczynski & Hebert, 2012). 1. There will be a difference in the total amount of bites, and time lateral displaying, gill flaring, and fin spreading between the female primed and non-primed group. • Condition main effect - (F(2, 48)= 0. 795, p=0. 457, ηp 2= 0. 032) • Group X Condition interaction - (F(2, 48)= 0. 666, p=0. 518, ηp 2= 0. 027) Bites increasing their presence in the ecosystem (Mackul'Ak et al. , 2016). • The drug has been reported to cause changes in natural behavior of aquatic creatures living in affected environments (Dzieweczynski & Hebert, 2012).