Fish Dissection Slide show by Kelly Riedell Image
Fish Dissection Slide show by Kelly Riedell Image from: http: //www. chm. bris. ac. uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish. gif
NOTOCHORD Notochord: flexible rod Helps organize developing cells in embryo Replaced by spinal cord in most vertebrates http: //www. xenbase. org/xmmr/Marker_pages/notochord/Tor 70 stg 22. jpg
DORSAL NERVE CORD Spinal cord forms along dorsal side Images from: http: //www. nvo. com/jin/nssfolder/scrapbookanatomy/dorsal%20 nerve%20 cord. jpg http: //www. ekinos. com. ar/horse. jpg
PHARYNGEAL POUCHES Become gills in some vertebrates Become back of throat and inner ears in humans http: //www-biol. paisley. ac. uk/courses/Tatner/biomedia/subunits/notoc. htm
POST ANAL TAIL
Human Embryo 32 days old http: //www. evcforum. net/Ref. Lib/Evidences. Macroevolution 2_files/human_embryo. jpg Pharyngeal arches appear during 4 th week. Tail disappears at approximately 8 weeks
CHORDATES: NOTOCHORD PHARYNGEAL POUCHES POST ANAL TAIL DORSAL NERVE CORD VERTEBRATES: ALL CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS PLUS: Bones or cartilage around a dorsal nerve cord Cranium (skull) to protect brain Endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage Closed circulatory system Ventral heart
There are over 30, 000 species of fish http: //t 3. preservice. org/T 0210463/images/fish-chart. jpg
Images from: http: //www. eslkidstuff. com/images/shark. gif http: //www. miamisci. org/oceans/coralreef/predators/mantaray. gif http: //www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/Bio. BK/comparison. gif http: //www. chm. bris. ac. uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish. gif
Ray-finned have spines in fins (no bones) Lobe-finned Have short stubby limbs; bones in fins Images from: http: //www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/Bio. BK/comparison. gif http: //www. chm. bris. ac. uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish. gif
Coelocanth Lobe fin fish Australian lung fish http: //scienceblogs. com/zooillogix/2007/12/results_of_our_weekly_readers. ph http: //www. fishingfury. com/20080612/the-oldest-living-fish/ http: //www. nicerweb. com/sketches/video/BBC-Life. On. Earth/2. 6_Invasion. Of. The. Land/LOBE-FIN. JPG
RAYS- Thin spines in fins
LOBE FINNED FISH are believed to be ancestors to amphibians
Scientists believe other vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish
BONY FISH CHARACTERISTICS Endoskeleton of bone Scales & fins Lungs or swim bladder
ENDOSKELETON
FISH LATIN meaning ANIMALIA KINGDOM _______ PHYLUM ______________ CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” SUBPHYLUM ______________ OSTEICHTHYES “bony fish” CLASS ________________
DORSAL POSTERIOR ANTERIOR VENTRAL CEPHALIZATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY
Integumentary Scalesdecrease water resistance protection growth rings increase with age
Coloration-darker on top/lighter on bottom Body Shape-streamlined RAYS- protection from predators
OPERCULUM Water goes in through mouth out through slit behind operculum
Nostrils-dead end pockets smell-important Eye-no eyelid Mouth-teeth don’t chew Ears- not external
Anterior Dorsal Posterior Dorsal Pectoral Caudal Pelvic Anal
LATERAL LINE http: //www. flushing. k 12. mi. us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/perch/index. html Senses vibrations & water pressure
ANUS exit for digestive waste UROGENITAL OPENING (PORE) exit for urine & eggs or sperm
INTERNAL STRUCTURES
RESPIRATORY Gill Arch Gill Filaments
COUNTERCURRENT FLOW Diagram by Riedell
COUNTERCURRENT FLOW
GAS EXCHANGE IN GILLS
FUNCTIONS OF GILLS 1. Gas exchange 2. Excrete Nitrogen waste as ammonia 3. OSMOREGULATION regulate ion/water balance
HYPER, HYPO, ISOTONIC?
Image from: http: //www. agriteach. com/lessonfiles/sample/perchdissect. ppt
Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005 OVARY-makes eggs
Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005 TESTES-make sperm
REPRODUCTION MOST FISH HAVE: • EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION • DIRECT DEVELOPMENT BABY FISH = fry http: //www. arthursclipart. org/biologya/biology/fish%20 spawning. gif
SWIM BLADDER controls buoyancy Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
LIVER & improved digestive gland Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
• LIVER (improved digestive gland) Makes bile used by intestine Stores glycogen Stores vitamins (especially oil soluble ones- A & D) Processes TOXINS for removal by excretory system (including nitrogen waste made by cells) • GALL BLADDER Stores bile made by liver
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Diagram by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
STOMACH Cardiac & Pyloric Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
STOMACH 1. Add acid and digestive juices 2. Starts digestion 3. Grind and mash food
INTESTINE 1. First section receives bile from liver (called DUODENUM) 2. Finishes digestion 3. Absorbs nutrients 4. Collect and remove digestive waste Finger-like extensions inside (VILLI) increase surface area for greater absorption of nutrients
INTESTINE
VILLI Tiny finger-like extensions inside intestine increase surface area for greater absorption of nutrients http: //neuromedia. neurobio. ucla. edu/campbell/epithelium/wp_images/107%20 villi. jpg
PYLORIC CAECA Contain microorganisms (bacteria) to break down plant material Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
DUODENUM Receives bile from liver Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
PANCREAS (Digestive & Endocrine functions) 1. MAKES TRYPSIN for intestine (digests proteins) 2. MAKES 2 hormones to regulate blood sugar INSULIN (cells take up & store glucose) GLUCAGON (cells release stored glucose to blood)
Diagram by Riedell
Diagram by Riedell
HEART Atrium receives blood from Sinus venosus Ventricle – pumping chamber Conus arteriosus-smoothes flow of blood out of heart
2 CHAMBER HEART 1 LOOP system
SINGLE loop CLOSED circulation http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/Michael. Gregory/files/Bio%20102%20 lectures/Animal%20 Diversity/Deuterostomes/echinode. htm
• ARTERIES carry blood AWAY from the heart • Capillaries connect arteries and veins (gas exchange occurs here) • VEINS carry blood returning to the heart http: //www. fotosearch. com/bthumb/LIF 152/CAR 09003. jpg
SPLEENProduces new RBC’s Processes & destroys old worn out RBC’s Stores RBC’s for release when needed Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
KIDNEY Collects and removes nitrogen waste (ammonia) Osmoregulation –maintain water/ion balance Image by Riedell/Vanderwal© 2005
URINARY BLADDER Stores urine made by kidneys SWIM (Air) BLADDER Receives gases from bloodstream Controls buoyancy GALL BLADDER Stores bile made by liver
UROGENITAL PORE shared by excretory & reproductive systems Diagram by Riedell ANUS – for digestive waste
BRAIN Image modified from: http: //www. flushing. k 12. mi. us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/perch/index. html
BRAIN OPTIC TECTUM Receives and processes info from visual, auditory (hearing) , and lateral line system
BRAIN CEREBRUM • controls higher thinking (memory, learning, reasoning, problem solving) • integrates info from other brain parts
BRAIN OLFACTORY BULBS • Smell
BRAIN OLFACTORY NERVES • Smell
BRAIN CEREBELLUM • Motor (muscle) coordination • Balance
BRAIN MEDULLA OBLONGATA • Relay center for sensory info from body • Controls “Autonomic” body organs
- Slides: 71