First experiences of the RKTC Senegal Some implications

First experiences of the RKTC Senegal – Some implications on testing methodology and the role of RKTCs Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Dakar, Senegal elmar. dimpl@ecodev. de UNIVERSITE CHEIKH ANTA DIOP DE DAKAR Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur les Energies Renouvelables (UCAD - CERER) ETHOS Conferen

Where we are • At the most western tip of Africa • Senegal is in the Sahel, the transition zone of the Sahara desert (in the North) and the tropical rain forest region at the South • With erratic climate, • Scarce vegetation in the north • Charcoal production in the south • RKTCs Ghana and Nigeria are in different climatic zones Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

Who we are • CERER (Center for Studies and Research on Renewable Energy) is an Institute of the University of Dakar (UCAD), Senegal • Working on photovoltaic, wind energy, lighting, Biomass, including cooking technology, biofuels, biogas. • Stove testing, stove development, training of stove producers and production quality control is part of the Biomass department. • The stove testing lab is equipped with a LEMS provided by APROVECHO • With financial support from GACC and GIZ Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

Our Clients and their needs • Agencies, implementing stove programs: governmental and non governmental organizations, national and international (example GIZ) • Private entrepreneurs: developing new stoves, trying to use new fuels • Donors (WB) Their needs: • which stove to promote • improvement of stoves, • real interest in the impact, • Adaptation to special fuels, • carbon funding, • Justifying their programs Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

Planned activities as a CAGG member • To be able to perform test completely according to IWA-ISO • Participation at a Round Robin Test is planned • Needs: Clean environment for gravimetric tests, calibration gases, standard fuels, clients that are able and willing to pay for this service Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

Example: International stove transfer • A charcoal stove with secondary air supply performed very well in Benin. It was to be introduced in Senegal. • GIZ consultant did test in Senegal: it was not possible to bring water to boil in an acceptable period of time • Why ? ? ? • -> Modification of the stove, bigger burning chamber. – --> did not perform as well as expected Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

The fuel? Charcoal is sold in small bags, ~0, 20 US$/bag • We bought several charcoal bags from tree dealers in our neighborhood apparently equal bags at the same price: • The average weight of the bags was between 295 g and 706 g

The fuel ! Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

The pot type? Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014 Source: Carlotta Werner

Consequence for the development of batch-fed charcoal stoves Definition of initial batch size by volume can have different energy content as consequence Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

Similar difficulties with wood stoves Fuel wood from Aprovecho and local sources Fuel type influences performance and emissions. However, for proper function of the stoves fuel can not always be standardized

Safety criteria test Also the results of the safety criteria test depends on the pot size and form. • Cookstove tipping • Visible area of burning fuel Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

Consequences for regional/local testing • Are we just additional labs that have difficulties to guarantee IWA/ISO testing quality? • Is the market for these standard testing methods big enough? • Our main testing task: How do the stoves perform under local conditions? • IWA metrics are important to have and we should be able to carry them out. • However, to answer most questions of the clients the tests have to be carried out taking into account the local conditions • Whole systems have to be tested including fuel, stove and typical pot. • No way to testing anarchy! However, we have to document the testing results in relation to the testing conditions. • We have to be able to analyze and describe the local conditions. Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014

How to be able to analyze and describe the local conditions ? Basis: equipment and know-how for IWA test In addition: • Instruments, equipment -> Advice and finance • Methodology and knowhow -> Advice, developing some ~ standard methods. • Exchange and comprehensive information including the whole cooking systems (I do understand better my own situation if I have an idea of the conditions in other places) > South <-> South exchange. Elmar Dimpl, CERER, Senegal: ETHOS Conference 2014