First Contacts Between the First Occupants and Europeans

Jacques Cartier: the 3 Voyages • Cartier’s first voyage (1534) was a mission to ‘lay claim’ to land in the West. • He landed on Newfoundland, PEI, New Brunswick and made his way to the Gaspe Peninsula

First Voyage Con’t • Cartier knew exactly where he was going, he accompanied Verrazano on previous trips. • During Cartier’s first Voyage, he encountered a Mi’kmaq band a group of Iroquoians

First Voyage Con’t • Cartier laid claim to this new land by placing a huge wooden cross in the ground. . . • This made the group of Iroquoians angry, especially the chief Donnacona • Donnacona denounced Cartier’s actions

First Voyage Con’t • Cartier tried to smooth things over : – gifts – claiming that the cross was just a land marker so the French knew where they were going – It was a lie. . .

Cartier’s Second Voyage • Cartier returned to the St-Lawrence a year later • On his first voyage, Cartier kidnapped Donnacona’s two sons. . . • He brought them back one year later and used them as interpreters

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t • In 1535, Cartier returned to North America with Donnacona’s 2 sons • Donnacona was angry (some historians claim he was not…) • Cartier ended up at Stadacona (around where Quebec City is now) Stadacona

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t • Cartier and his men bypassed Stadacona (made Donnacona even more angry) • They moved on to Hochelaga (now Montreal) • 1000 people greeted him and his men Hochelaga

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t • Cartier Planted the famous cross atop what is now Mont-Royal

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t • Cartier saw the Lachine rapids (more intense than what they are now) and decided this was now a route to Asia he wanted to travel • He returned to Stadacona spent winter there

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t • When returning to Stadacona and spending the winter, 25 of Cartier’s men die from scurvy…. • However, more of Donacona’s men die from diseases carried by the Europeans…

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t • When leaving North America, Cartier and his men kidnap Donnacona and about 9 others and brought them back to France… • Donnacona never made it back to North America, he died in France

Cartier’s Third Voyage • In 1541, Cartier returned to North America • It took so long because France was at war with Spain no $$$ • Cartier was not well received by Stadacona Iroquois • 35 men killed, not a lot of gold or other riches failed attempt at a settlement

First Occupants’ Culture and Encounters with the Europeans

When Cultures ‘collide’ are there changes? • Do you think that changes or adaptations occur when two different culture come into contact, especially for the first time? • Do you have an example? Experience? A Story you might have?

Cartier’s Third Voyage • In 1541, Cartier returned to North America • Cartier was not well liked by Stadacona Iroquois in the village • 35 men killed, not a lot of gold or other riches failed to set up a French village

First Encounters between First Occupants and Europeans • The first major encounters between the First Occupants and Europeans 1500 s • The First Occupants were introduced to European lifestyles • This changed their lives forever!!!

Some changes… • The First Occupants were interested in European things • They were interested in: • metal tools, • small items like toys • glass • brass pots and pans • WHY?

Some changes… • Food vegetables such as onions were introduced to the First Occupants • ‘orchards’ to grow fruit • Domesticating animals were also introduced. • GUNS! • Alcohol • Types of clothing were also introduced to the FO cotton and wool