First conditional The first conditional talks about possible

First conditional The first conditional talks about possible events in the future: • If I have some free time at the weekend, I will fix my old bicycle. (I don’t think I have anything to do at the weekend. ) • If he passes his driving exam, he will be really glad. (I think he is a decent driver. ) • If they arrive at the cinema late, they won’t watch the movie they chose. (The traffic in SP is always terrible, so there is a chance that they might arrive late. )

• If I have some free time at the weekend, I will fix my old bicycle. • If they arrive at the cinema late, they won’t watch the movie they chose. • If he passes his driving exam, he will be really glad.

Classic first conditional formula • If + present simple → will (do)

Alternative conditional conjunctions • If I have a raise, I will buy a new car. • If I don’t have a raise, I won’t buy a new car. • Unless I have a raise, I won’t buy a new car Unless ≈ if. . . not

Alternative conditional conjunctions • I will buy a new car, if I have a raise. • I will buy a new car, provided that I have a raise. • I will buy a new car, granted that I have a raise. • I will buy a new car, so long as I have a raise. • I will buy a new car, on the condition that I have a raise.

Alternative models of first conditional • If you pass by the newsstand, get me this month’s issue of Vogue, please. • If you pass by the newsstand, can/could you get me this month’s issue of Vogue? • If you pass by the newsstand, you should/must get this month’s issue of Vogue. It’s really great.

Future time clauses • A time clause is the part of a sentence that presents a reference of time for another sentence (the main clause). • Future time clauses tell us when, in the future, something is going to happen.

• As soon as I finish work, I’m going home. • When I get home, I’ll take a shower. • After I’ve taken a shower, I’m going to cook dinner. • While I am having dinner, I’ll listen to music. • Before I go to bed, I must finish correcting some exercises.

Future time clause formula Time Sub. + present tense → Future tense Time subordinators = when, as soon as, no sooner than, while, as, before, after, until, since, whenever.