FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management System Presented

FIRMS - Fire Information for Resource Management System Presented by Diane Davies

Overview • Introduction and background • Data sources – MODIS and VIIRS • Overview of FIRMS • Getting active fire / hotspot data • Downloads and email alerts • FIRMS Fire Map • Active fire data in NASA Worldview • Caveats of using the data provided through FIRMS 2

Fires detected in the Northern Territories, Australia S-NPP VIIRS Corrected Reflectance Imagery (True Color) with active fire / hotspots overlaid in red 15 May 2018 https: //go. nasa. gov/2 Ims. Sld 3

The First Request for MODIS Fire Information The first request for active fire data from MODIS came from the US Forest Service just after MODIS was launched to assist with wildland fires on the Idaho-Montana border. This led to the development of the Rapid Response System. Deer and wildfire, Montana Taken 6 August 2000 by John Mc. Colgan, USFS, via Wikimedia Commons. 4

Rapid Response Geo-referenced Subsets Rapid Response is being decommissioned. It has been replaced by Worldview and a new low-band width “Worldview Snap Shots” will be available in the Fall 2018 5

Background Built on the work of Rapid Response. Goal of FIRMS – to get near real-time active fire data in to the hands of users. It was developed by the University of Maryland (UMD) in 2005, with funds from NASA’s Applied Sciences Program, the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Conservation International. Acknowledge my colleagues from NASA and UMD: Otmar Olsina, Gary Fu, Greg Ederer, Minnie Wong, Chris Justice, Shriram Ilavajhala, Giuseppe Molinario, Mike Mc. Gann and Suresh Kumar 6

FIRMS is part of LANCE Land, Atmosphere Near Real-time Capability for EOS • The goal of LANCE is to provide global near real-time (NRT) data products within 3 hours of observation to meet the timely needs of applications users. • LANCE provides NRT data and imagery from 10 instruments much quicker than routine processing allows: AIRS, AMSR 2, LIS, MISR, MLS, MODIS, MOPITT, OMI, OMPS, and VIIRS https: //earthdata. nasa. gov/lance Air Quality - Dust storms – Fires – Vegetation for agricultural monitoring – Floods – Ash Plumes – Drought – Smoke Plumes – Sea Ice for shipping – Severe Storms 7

LANCE FACILITIES SSEC UW-Madison Atmosphere SIPS VIIRS (S-NPP) JPL MLS SIPS AIRS SCF MISR SCF Data Center SIPS & SCF GES DISC AIRS &MLS MODAPS/Land SIPS MODIS (Terra & Aqua) & VIIRS (S-NPP) NCAR MOPITT SIPS GSFC OMI SIPS ASDC MISR GHRC AMSR SIPS LIS (ISS) The LANCE elements are located at the following facilities • • GSFC Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) is providing AIRS with support from the AIRS Science Computing Facility (SCF) at JPL , and MLS data via the MLS SIPS at JPL Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) is providing MISR data with support from the MISR SCF at JPL AMSR Science Investigator-led Processing System (SIPS) is providing AMSR 2 and LIS data MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS) and Land SIPS are providing MODIS and VIIRS Land data OMI Science Investigator-led Processing System (SIPS) is providing OMI and OMPS data MOPITT SIPS (National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)) is providing MOPITT data Atmosphere SIPS (Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) University of Wisconsin) is providing VIIRS 8 Atmosphere data

TDRSS Terra Aqua VIIRS NOAA – NASA Spacecraft Ground Stations JPSS SMD Hub (JSH) FIRMS extracts fires/ hotpots in text file format in Near Real-Time (MCD 14 DL) EDOS – EOS Data and Operations System EOS – Earth Observing System JPSS – Joint Polar Satellite System Establish fire record to help formulate fire policy Disaster Management Ecological Monitoring Validating fire risk maps Suomi NPP MODIS / VIIRS Standard Processing USES Strategic Fire Management: to control or suppress fires LANCE MODIS & VIIRS NRT processing EOS Spacecraft FIRMS WAN Transfer EDOS Level Zero Processing Facility (LZPF) MODIS EDOS Front End Processing: data capture Overview of FIRMS UMD SCF Standard Quality Checked Fire/hotspots (MCD 14 ML) MODIS – Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer SMD – Satellite Mission Data S-NPP – Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership SCF – Science Computing Facility Prioritization of resources Identify poaching activity TDRSS – Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System UMD – University of Maryland 9 VIIRS – Visible Imaging Infrared Radiometer

Background slide – Polar Orbiting Satellites Daily coverage from MODIS • • NASA’s Applied Remote Sensing Training Program Daily coverage from VIIRS Polar Orbit Fixed, circular orbit above Earth Sun synchronous orbit ~600 -1, 000 km above Earth with orbital passes are at about the same local solar time each day 10

Data Sources MODIS / Terra (EOS AM) • Temporal Coverage: 1 November 2000 - present • Hotspot represented by a 1 km pixel • MOD 14 DL (NRT product), MOD 14 ML (standard product) • Overpass: crosses the equator at 10: 30 am and 10: 30 pm MODIS / Aqua (EOS PM) • Temporal Coverage: 3 July 2002 - present • Hotspot represented by a 1 km pixel • MYD 14 DL (NRT product), MYD 14 ML (standard product) • Overpass: crosses the equator at 1: 30 pm and 1: 30 am VIIRS / S-NPP • Temporal Coverage: 20 January 2012 - present • 375 m pixel • VNP 14 IMGTDL_NRT, VNP 14 IMGT (standard product) • Overpass: crosses the equator at 1: 30 pm and 1: 30 am 11

Differences between MODIS and VIIRS Aqua/MODIS 1 KM Pixel VIIRS 750 m VIIRS 375 m Daily fire spread mapped by 1 km Aqua/MODIS (left), 750 m VIIRS (center) and 375 m VIIRS (right) data at the Taim Ecological Reserve in southern Brazil. The data cover the period 26 -31 March 2013. The white outline shows represents the burned area mapped using 30 m Landsat-7 on 31 March. This figure is reproduced here courtesy of Wilfrid Schroeder, NOAA University of Maryland 12

Fire Detections The fire detection algorithms use a contextual algorithm that exploits the strong emission of mid-infrared radiation from fires. See FIRMS FAQs for references – https: //earthdata. nasa. gov/firms-faq#ed-fire-detection - MODIS PI: Louis Giglio (UMD) - VIIRS PI: Wilfrid Schroeder (NOAA/UMD) What does a MODIS fire detection mean on the ground? MODIS represented by a 1 km pixel VIIRS 375 m spatial resolution 13

Fire Detections The fire detection algorithms use a contextual algorithm that exploits the strong emission of mid-infrared radiation from fires. See FIRMS FAQs for references – https: //earthdata. nasa. gov/firms-faq#ed-fire-detection - MODIS PI: Louis Giglio (UMD) - VIIRS PI: Wilfrid Schroeder (NOAA/UMD) Ground Observation What does a MODIS fire detection mean on the ground? ~ 1 km MODIS represented by a 1 km pixel VIIRS 375 m spatial resolution Output display ~ 1 km 1 hotspot in a 1 km pixel 2 hotspots in a 1 km pixel Saturation of 4 pixels 14

Earthdata FIRMS Landing page LANCE MODAPS FIRMS Landing page Active Fire Data Web Services Fire Alerts Archive Download Tool Fire Map 15

https: //firms. modaps. eosdis. nasa. gov/ 16

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Demonstration 18