Firefighters Support Foundation Terrorism Planning and Response for

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Firefighters Support Foundation Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies

Firefighters Support Foundation Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies v 1. 0

Permission is granted to reproduce or distribute this material so long as the Firefighters

Permission is granted to reproduce or distribute this material so long as the Firefighters Support Foundation is credited as the source Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 2

About FSF The Firefighters Support Foundation is a 501 c 3 non-profit organization whose

About FSF The Firefighters Support Foundation is a 501 c 3 non-profit organization whose primary mission is to develop, produce and distribute training programs to firefighters, EMTs, Search & Rescue personnel, and Emergency Management professionals. All of our programs are distributed free of charge. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 3

Accompanying Video This Power. Point presentation accompanies the video presentation of the same title.

Accompanying Video This Power. Point presentation accompanies the video presentation of the same title. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 4

Presenter August Vernon Operations Officer Forsyth, NC County Office of Emergency Management Instructor Incident

Presenter August Vernon Operations Officer Forsyth, NC County Office of Emergency Management Instructor Incident Management, Mass Violence, Crisis Planning, Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 5

Introduction • A rapid, safe and successful response to these situations requires planning, training

Introduction • A rapid, safe and successful response to these situations requires planning, training and preparation. • The likelihood of a terrorism or mass violence incident is low, BUT public safety officials must prepare for these situations. • Continuing terorrist and criminal attack threats and incidents CONUS and OCONUS have demonstrated the need to prepare local, regional, state, federal and military agencies to plan for and respond to these crisis events. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 6

We are the home front Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public

We are the home front Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 7

Course Goal To prepare public safety officials and first responders with some basic tools

Course Goal To prepare public safety officials and first responders with some basic tools and information needed to develop or assess a multi -agency terrorism or mass violence response plan. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 8

Agenda • • Threat Groups/Individuals Overview Mass Violence: Lessons Learned Multi-Agency Planning Command Considerations

Agenda • • Threat Groups/Individuals Overview Mass Violence: Lessons Learned Multi-Agency Planning Command Considerations Response Operations IED/HME VBIED Planning and Training Resources Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 9

Purpose • The purpose of this session is: – Familiarize responders about trends in

Purpose • The purpose of this session is: – Familiarize responders about trends in terrorism events. – Understand the nature of current and emerging threats. – Suggest resources, plans and training that will minimize the loss of life in these events. • Not meant as the complete training in and of itself. There are many good organizations and instructors that can provide such training and exercises. • Not so much telling you how to train and plan, but rather what to plan and train for. Terrorism Planning and Response for Midand Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 10

Types Of Adversaries • • International Terrorists Groups Domestic Terrorists Criminal Elements Gangs (Transnational)

Types Of Adversaries • • International Terrorists Groups Domestic Terrorists Criminal Elements Gangs (Transnational) Lone Wolf Insider Threat Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 11

Basic Terrorist Groups 101 • International Terrorism -State Sponsors -Formalized Terrorist Groups -Loosely Affiliated

Basic Terrorist Groups 101 • International Terrorism -State Sponsors -Formalized Terrorist Groups -Loosely Affiliated International Radicals • Domestic Terrorism -Right-Wing -Left-Wing -Special Interest Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 12

International Terrorist Groups • State Sponsors of Terrorism: (Provide training, funding, networking and other

International Terrorist Groups • State Sponsors of Terrorism: (Provide training, funding, networking and other support. ) Iran, Syria, Sudan and Cuba • Formalized Terrorist Groups: Al Qaeda (The Base), Lebanese Hezbollah, Palestinian HAMAS, ETA, Real IRA. Identified as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) by the U. S. State Dept. • Loosely Affiliated International Radicals • Current and Emerging threat. Homegrown Violent Extremists. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 13

Mexico Narco-Terrorism/ Criminal Insurgency • • • Complex Ambushes Assassinations IED’s/VBIED’s Mass Executions Mass

Mexico Narco-Terrorism/ Criminal Insurgency • • • Complex Ambushes Assassinations IED’s/VBIED’s Mass Executions Mass Graves • Heavy Weapons • Beheadings • 45, 000 + killed since 2006 • RPG’s • Social Media/Technology Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 14

Emerging Threats: Narco-Insurgency VBIEDs Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety

Emerging Threats: Narco-Insurgency VBIEDs Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 15

Domestic Groups: Left-Wing • • Pro-Communist Pro-Socialist Seeks equality with no social classes Weak

Domestic Groups: Left-Wing • • Pro-Communist Pro-Socialist Seeks equality with no social classes Weak or no central government Common ownership is a means of production Transitioning into anti-globalization Protests/civil unrest with “direct action” Lone Wolf, Insider Threat, Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 16

Domestic Groups: Right-Wing • • • White Supremacy Gun Control New World Order Anti-Government

Domestic Groups: Right-Wing • • • White Supremacy Gun Control New World Order Anti-Government Anti-Taxation Anti-Abortion Militias Patriot Movements Sovereign Citizens (White and Black) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 17

Domestic Groups: Right-Wing • • Groups oppose U. S. government Some believe U. S.

Domestic Groups: Right-Wing • • Groups oppose U. S. government Some believe U. S. has been taken over Some believe they are the government Some driven by religious beliefs Some seeking a strong Nazi/Fascist government Some have great national pride Lone Wolf, Insider Threat, Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 18

Domestic Groups: Special –Interest/Single Issue Animal Rights (ALF) Environmental Issues (ELF) Genetics Research Abortion

Domestic Groups: Special –Interest/Single Issue Animal Rights (ALF) Environmental Issues (ELF) Genetics Research Abortion Rights Anti-Abortion Guns IRS Corporations Lone Wolf, Insider Threat, Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE) • Pick your topic! • • • Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 19

Threat Groups • The bad guys (criminal elements and terrorists) are more determined, violent

Threat Groups • The bad guys (criminal elements and terrorists) are more determined, violent and heavily armed than ever before. • Crisis situations such as terrorist events and threat situations are occurring with alarming frequency. • No two incidents are the same. Factors ranging from the terrorists motive, their weapons, training, funding, knowledge of the target, security measures and public safety response times can all influence the outcome of an incident. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 20

Threats • The attackers in terrorism incidents may act out of a sense of

Threats • The attackers in terrorism incidents may act out of a sense of anger or revenge because of some perceived persecutions or slights, or have some other individualized motivation such as a desire for notoriety, political belief system or religious based concepts. • The majority of these incidents are planned. Successful execution of most of these types of attacks require some form of or even extensive pre-operational surveillance and detailed planning by the attackers. • This is the window of opportunity to prevent these incidents. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 21

Threats (2) • These hate and extremist groups provide a magnet to individuals planning

Threats (2) • These hate and extremist groups provide a magnet to individuals planning some type of a terrorist attack or a foundation for their extremist ideology whether that is personal, religious or political. • Although it appears from the surface that the majority of these attacks are random acts of violence committed by lunatics, some of the individuals who commit these acts are rational and sane human beings who are deeply committed to a cause whether personal, religious or political. • So deep is this commitment, they feel they are justified and are willing to go to any extreme in ensuring the achievement of their goals. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 22

Threats (3) • Terrorism incidents can be quite sophisticated in the degree of planning

Threats (3) • Terrorism incidents can be quite sophisticated in the degree of planning and execution that goes into them. Many of these suspects have trained, prepared, armed themselves and have a detailed plan in place. • However, they can easily be carried out by an individual or individuals with minimal planning, few resources, limited funding and limited training. • They will most often utilize readily-available weapons such as pistols, shotguns, rifles and homemade explosives (HME)/improvised explosive devices (IED). Lone Wolf, Insider Threat, Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 23

Mass Violence Lessons Learned • Mass Violence Incidents - Law Enforcement is training for

Mass Violence Lessons Learned • Mass Violence Incidents - Law Enforcement is training for it constantly. Fire and EMS agencies are not! • During a “rapid deployment” (active shooter or terrorism) type incident law enforcement will bypass the wounded. • Fire and EMS need to be ready to go with LEO escorts as soon as possible in a coordinated fashion. • 1 st wave (grab bags/”blow out” kits) • 2 nd wave (stretchers, trauma bags, O 2, etc. ) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 24

Mass Violence Lessons Learned (2) • Talk to experienced tactical medics, military medics and

Mass Violence Lessons Learned (2) • Talk to experienced tactical medics, military medics and review TCCC. “Bus crash” MCI is different than the “terrorism or mass violence” MCI. • “Bad guy” shooters, both criminal and terrorist, are training on head shots and double shots to the chest. • Rapid rescue-removal techniques and equipment are critical. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 25

Mass Violence Response • Requires unconventional, not-often-trained techniques • Rapidly move multiple victims to

Mass Violence Response • Requires unconventional, not-often-trained techniques • Rapidly move multiple victims to safe areas, CCP, triage, etc. • From stairways, structures, down hallways, through windows, “jersey barriers”, etc. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 26

Pima County example • A (blow out/downed officer) kit that each officer carries contains

Pima County example • A (blow out/downed officer) kit that each officer carries contains a compression bandage, combat gauze, a chest seal, a tourniquet and trauma shears. • Items are designed to stop bleeding from gunshots, stabbings or other violent injuries. Officer rescues, mass shootings, etc. • From the time the first officer arrived at the Safeway store, it took deputies about six minutes to clear the scene. For those first six minutes, the only people providing first-aid were sheriff's deputies. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 27

Committee for Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (C-TECC) http: //c-tecc. org/ The Committee for Tactical

Committee for Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (C-TECC) http: //c-tecc. org/ The Committee for Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (CTECC) was convened to speed the transition of military medical lessons learned from the battlefield to civilian crisis response. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 28

Beslan & Mumbai Style Attacks Complex/Combination Attacks or “Swarm Active Shooters” Multiple attackers and

Beslan & Mumbai Style Attacks Complex/Combination Attacks or “Swarm Active Shooters” Multiple attackers and multiple targets Combination Attacks with Weapons & Explosives (MIL/IED) Heavy Media Focus and Attention. Enhanced Active Shooter Tactics for Patrol and Tactical Teams. (Single shooter vs. Multiple shooters) • Military, Squad and Fire Element tactics such as Bounding Overwatch and Contact-Cover Concepts • Multiple-Assault Counter Terrorism Action Capability (MACTAC) Course (NTOA) • • • Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 29

Evaluating the NBC Threat • Focus on previous events – History repeats itself •

Evaluating the NBC Threat • Focus on previous events – History repeats itself • Plan and train for what is most likely to occur in your jurisdiction • Take some thought to possible events, which may not be as probable Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 30

Evaluating the Threat • Dedicated a lot of training for first responders WMD over

Evaluating the Threat • Dedicated a lot of training for first responders WMD over past 20 years • Time is a factor for “real world” WMD deployments!!! • Cost and realistic threats with realistic approaches! (Shootings and bombings) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 31

Pre-Incident Planning Critical agencies meet: – Law Enforcement Agencies – Fire Departments – Emergency

Pre-Incident Planning Critical agencies meet: – Law Enforcement Agencies – Fire Departments – Emergency Medical Services (EMS) – Hospitals – Emergency Management – Key Partners Target Identification (Identify top 5 or 10 locations): – Critical Infrastructure – Government (Local, State and Federal) – High Profile Businesses – Large Crowds/Venues – Special Events (e. g. , DNC) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 32

Pre-Incident Planning (2) • Law Enforcement, Fire, EMS, Emergency Management and other officials all

Pre-Incident Planning (2) • Law Enforcement, Fire, EMS, Emergency Management and other officials all share some of the same priorities during a terrorism event (life safety and incident stabilization) • Planning and interagency cooperation for a terrorism event or any critical incident should be paramount. • Planning efforts never ends! • Terrorism and mass violence incidents can occur in metro, urban, suburban and rural settings. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 33

Pre-Incident Planning (3) • Preparation is the key to a terrorism and mass violence

Pre-Incident Planning (3) • Preparation is the key to a terrorism and mass violence incidents and that includes a clear idea of your actions before the incident occurs. • The first step in your preparation is a review of your agencies guidelines and procedures when responding to bombings, terrorism attacks, mass shootings or threats of violence. • As with any multi-hazard assessment and planning process it is a great idea to do a multi-agency exercise (tabletop or functional) to bring all the key agencies together and rehearse the plan once it has been completed. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 34

Unified Command Benefits • A shared understanding of priorities and restrictions • A single

Unified Command Benefits • A shared understanding of priorities and restrictions • A single set of incident objectives • Collaborative strategies • Improved internal and external information flow • Less duplication of efforts • Better resource utilization. • Media, Media Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 35

Unified Command Features • A single integrated incident organization • Collocated (shared) facilities (CP,

Unified Command Features • A single integrated incident organization • Collocated (shared) facilities (CP, Staging, etc. ) • One set of incident objectives, single planning process, and Incident Action Plan (IAP) • Coordinated process for resource ordering Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 36

Death by ICS Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies

Death by ICS Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 37

ICS Concepts and Principles • • • Common terminology A modular organization Integrated communications

ICS Concepts and Principles • • • Common terminology A modular organization Integrated communications Unity of command A unified command structure Consolidated Incident Action Plans (IAP) A manageable span of control Designated incident facilities Comprehensive resource management Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 38

Scene Assistance • Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC) should be activated as soon as

Scene Assistance • Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC) should be activated as soon as possible for long term response, recovery, management, investigative and support efforts. • Joint Information Center (JIC) should be established involving all key agencies and players to manage the local and national media efforts. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 39

Managing the “Report of a Lifetime” • Your “response of a lifetime” is the

Managing the “Report of a Lifetime” • Your “response of a lifetime” is the “report of a lifetime” for the media. They will work extremely hard. • There will be requests for dozens or hundreds of interviews. • The press statements and information should come from the command post/unified command via the PIO/JIC. • Initial reports from the media will be incorrect and even farfetched. • PIO is non-stop, 24/7, social media. Will need to provide more than 1 or 2 briefs a day. EOC needs to consider a social media rep. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 40

Scene Assistance • Family Assistance Centers (FAC) may need to be established near the

Scene Assistance • Family Assistance Centers (FAC) may need to be established near the site and other remote locations. • Helpline phone numbers should be initiated. • CISM (Critical Incident Stress Management) efforts should be considered for all victims and responders. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 41

Why bombs? Easy and low cost to build Plans all over the Net and

Why bombs? Easy and low cost to build Plans all over the Net and books Parts, materials and chemicals easy to obtain High impact (more bang for your buck) Many delivery options Don't need large groups Difficult to identify perpetrators and facilitators Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 42

Bomb Threats • A large majority of terrorist attacks around the globe utilize explosives.

Bomb Threats • A large majority of terrorist attacks around the globe utilize explosives. • Majority of U. S. troops injured and killed in Iraq/Afghanistan have been killed or injured by explosives. • Explosive devices can consist of anything from home made explosives (HME) to sophisticated military ordinance. • Responders will typically encounter home made explosives (HME) and improvised explosive devices (IED). • Lone Wolf, Insider Threat, Homegrown Violent Extremists (HVE) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 43

Bomb Threats (2) • The FBI and DHS have sent several warnings to state

Bomb Threats (2) • The FBI and DHS have sent several warnings to state and local partners since 2001 to be on the alert for explosive threats. • The Bulletins state that there is no specific or credible intelligence indicating that terrorist organizations intend to use IEDs against U. S. homeland targets. • However, the growing use and continuing frequency of lethal IED incidents overseas is cause for continuing concern. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 44

Homemade explosives (HME) Peroxide Based Explosives • Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) • Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine

Homemade explosives (HME) Peroxide Based Explosives • Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) • Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD) • Improvised explosive materials of choice • Made from over the counter household products • Inexpensive Materials • HME placed into IED Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 45

Suspected HME Storage Safety Concerns • • • Harmful Chemicals Unstable Explosives Booby Traps

Suspected HME Storage Safety Concerns • • • Harmful Chemicals Unstable Explosives Booby Traps Secondary Explosive Devices Armed/Hostile Suspects (two legged threats) Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 46

Secondary Devices • If a device is found or an explosive device has detonated,

Secondary Devices • If a device is found or an explosive device has detonated, there is a high likelyhood that there could be a secondary device. • Secondary devices are bombs placed at the scene of an ongoing emergency response that are inteneted to cause death and injury among responders. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 47

Responder Safety • Reminder that responders can be targeted! • Maintain Siutational Awareness. •

Responder Safety • Reminder that responders can be targeted! • Maintain Siutational Awareness. • Check immediate area for secondary devices and threats. • Establish command! • Check command post (CP), staging and triage areas for secondary devices. • All responders should wear appropriate level of PPE (personal protective equipment). Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 48

Explosives • The most common explosives used are black powder, smokeless powder and fireworks

Explosives • The most common explosives used are black powder, smokeless powder and fireworks powders. The most common explosive device encountered in the USA is the pipe bomb. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 49

Explosives Incident Safety • Time — Minimize the time spent in the affected area.

Explosives Incident Safety • Time — Minimize the time spent in the affected area. • Distance — Maximize the distance from the explosive materials. • Shielding — Use shielding/cover wherever it is necessary to reduce or eliminate exposure. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 50

Find it/Leave it! FIRST RESPONDERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO MOVE, HANDLE, APPROACH OR DISARM

Find it/Leave it! FIRST RESPONDERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO MOVE, HANDLE, APPROACH OR DISARM A CONFIRMED OR SUSPECTED IED OR HME; THIS IS A JOB FOR SPECIALLY TRAINED PERSONNEL. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 51

VBIED Overview • Vehicle borne IEDs come in all shapes, sizes makes, models and

VBIED Overview • Vehicle borne IEDs come in all shapes, sizes makes, models and colors. • From the small, simple two-door passenger car to the large cement or sewage truck. • In Iraq and Afghanistan there have even been instances of fire trucks, ambulances, trailer mounted generators and even donkey drawn carts used to attack Coalition Forces. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 52

VBIED Overview (2) • VBIEDs have used increasingly larger amounts of explosives, from 100

VBIED Overview (2) • VBIEDs have used increasingly larger amounts of explosives, from 100 pounds to well over 1, 000 pounds or larger. • The VBIEDs have included mortar rounds, artillery rounds, rocket warheads and improvised explosives. • Additional materials have been added such as shrapnel, flammables, white phosphorus and chlorine to cause additional death and injury. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 53

VBIEDS in the U. S. The 1993 WTC and the Oklahoma City bombings both

VBIEDS in the U. S. The 1993 WTC and the Oklahoma City bombings both featured delivery of explosives using large vehicles. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 54

VBIED Indicators • Responders should be very cautious of any vehicles that arouse your

VBIED Indicators • Responders should be very cautious of any vehicles that arouse your curiosity. • A vehicle is parked suspiciously for a prolonged amount of time in a central location or strategic location. • The vehicle or vehicles rear appears to be weighted down. • Stolen, non-matching plates or no plates at all. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 55

VBIED Indicators (2) • Wires, bundles, circuit boards, electronic components, unusual containers, propane tanks,

VBIED Indicators (2) • Wires, bundles, circuit boards, electronic components, unusual containers, propane tanks, devices or materials visible in the vehicle. • Ordinance such as blasting caps, detcord, military explosives, commercial explosives, grenades, artillery, etc. • Unknown liquids or materials leaking inside or under vehicle. • Unusual attachments or bodywork. • Any combination of the above items. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 56

Initial response • If a first responder (Fire, EMS, Law Enforcement) comes across a

Initial response • If a first responder (Fire, EMS, Law Enforcement) comes across a suspicious vehicle or device during routine activities immediately inform all personnel and leave the area. • DO NOT USE YOUR RADIO (or MDT) for this activity until your are some distance away (300500 meters) from the vehicle or device. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 57

VBIED Response - Call out to other personnel that you have found something (wires,

VBIED Response - Call out to other personnel that you have found something (wires, devices, containers, etc. ) - Do NOT TOUCH or MOVE anything. - Do not open or close doors, windows, hood, trunk, etc. Do not touch light switches, doors, items, etc. - If inside the structure or vehicle exit the same way you entered. - Move yourself, other responders and the public out of the area as quickly as possible. - Once one device has been found be aware of additional or secondary devices. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 58

VBIED Response (2) • Vehicle bombs will be designed to be concealed or blend

VBIED Response (2) • Vehicle bombs will be designed to be concealed or blend in as an ordinary vehicle. • If responding to an actual or suspected VBIED incident get all the dispatch information you can via cell phone or MDT. • If there has been an actual explosion than use radios to communicate since there will be an overriding need for rapid communications for life safety concerns! Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 59

VBIED Response (3) • Scan the areas where you are parking and staging. Do

VBIED Response (3) • Scan the areas where you are parking and staging. Do not stack up if possible. • Minimum stand off distance of 1, 000 -2, 000 feet from vehicle if possible. • Rapidly implement Incident Command System and necessary components. • Always be aware of secondary devices and vehicles. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 60

VBIED Response (4) • Do not use two-way radios, cell phones, mobile computer terminals

VBIED Response (4) • Do not use two-way radios, cell phones, mobile computer terminals (MCT) within 1, 000 or more feet from suspected vehicle. • Observe the vehicle with binoculars or spotting scope. • Clear and control AO (area of operation) as you would a hazmat zone. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 61

Remember… Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 62

Remember… Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 62

The Military Five Cs • Confirm - With witnesses, binoculars or spotting scope from

The Military Five Cs • Confirm - With witnesses, binoculars or spotting scope from a SAFE distance there is a possible device. • Clear - The entire area, moving people away from the suspected device in a 360 degree fashion. • Cordon - The area off, minimum 1, 500 to 2, 000 feet. • Control - All access to the area using law enforcement checkpoints. • Check - For secondary hazards including the Command Post and Staging Areas for possible secondary devices. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 63

Stopping Terrorism Threats Your chances of detecting or learning about a terrorist attack or

Stopping Terrorism Threats Your chances of detecting or learning about a terrorist attack or mass violence incident once they are on their way to their target, and successfully stopping them, are extremely slim. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 64

Crisis Planning 101 • Contact your County Emergency Management Office or Emergency Services Office

Crisis Planning 101 • Contact your County Emergency Management Office or Emergency Services Office if not engaged. • Familiarize yourself with your fusion center and JTTF resources • Be familiar with county all-hazards plan. • Incident Command System (ICS) • Participate in drills and exercises including tabletops, functional and full scale. • “Terrorism” and/or “Mass Violence” specific training & exercises. • Can be applied to “all-hazards” approach. • Trained and experienced “team” works better than the best written plans. Terrorism Planning and Response for Mid- and Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 65

BE SAFE! Terrorism Planning and Response for Midand Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 66

BE SAFE! Terrorism Planning and Response for Midand Small-Size Public Safety Agencies 66