Fire Blight Erwinia amylovora MEETING INFORMATION PRESENTER DATE

What We Know • Double Nickel and Cueva provide equal fire blight (blossom blight) control to provide Integrated control options. Double Nickel Cueva Antibiotics • Double Nickel out performs Serenade.

Control of Fire Blight (blossom blight) Pear CER-2011 - Percent Infected Blossom Clusters 70 d 60 50 40 30 c 20 10 ab b b Agri-Mycin (200 ppm) Fireline (200 ppm) Cueva 1% v/v b 0 Double Nickel 55 Serenade MAX 1 lb/A 1. 5 lb / A Timothy J. Smith, Wenatchee, WA. 2011 Cueva, Double Nickel & Serenade MAX applied 20%, 50% and 100% bloom. Agri-Mycin & Fireline applied at 100% bloom Bars with same letter NSD P=0. 05 Untreated Inoculated

Control of Fire Blight (blossom blight)Apple % Infection of Total Inoculated Flowers 45 40 j 35 30 25 20 15 10 d d Fire. Line (oxytet) 200 ppm Cueva 1% v/v 5 0 Untreated Inoculated Timothy J. Smith, Wenatchee, WA. 2013 Cueva, applied 100% bloom and petal fall. Fire. Wall & Fire. Line applied at 100% bloom Bars with same letter NSD P=0. 05; not all data included (25 treatments total in this trial) Data excerpted from presentation given by Tim Smith at the 2014 OPDM Conference in Portland, OR. cd Fire. Wall (strep) 200 ppm

What We Know • Traditional (high copper load) coppers cause russetting on most apple and pear varieties when sprayed at late delayed dormant and bloom. • Cueva not only provides a high level of blossom blight control, it does so with a greater safety margin compared to traditional coppers. • Cueva can be sprayed up until delayed dormancy and through bloom in non-phytotoxicity sensitive apple and pear varieties.

Control of Fire Blight (blossom blight) Apple Average Fruit Russet Rating at Harvest 0 -5 4 d 3. 5 d 3 bc b 2. 5 2 1. 5 a 1 0. 5 0 NTC Previsto 1. 5 qt Mastercop 1. 5 pt COCS 4 oz Cueva 1. 5 qt Yoder, K. Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA. 2013. Gala variety, RCB design, 4 reps, 4 applications, from bloom through petal fall, 7 day intervals, machine driven sprayer, 100 GPA. Means with same letters NSD at 0. 05. IND-2013 -079

Effective Fire Blight Options CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC Antibiotics –Tetracycline and Streptomycin Blossom Protect Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Cueva* * Apply delayed dormant to reduce overwintering inoculum as well as a SAFE option during bloom for many apple and pear varieties. ** May be used late bloom to reduce russetting caused by Blossom Protect.

What We Know • Double Nickel and Cueva each provide fire blight (blossom blight) control that is equivalent to streptomycin and tetracycline. • Double Nickel out performs Serenade. • Blossom Protect is effective at controlling blossom blight, however it can cause russetting-(Double Nickel may help control this russetting if application is timed toward the end of bloom. )

What We Know • Traditional (high copper load) coppers cause russetting on most apple and pear varieties when sprayed at late delayed dormant and bloom. • Cueva not only provides a high level of blossom blight control, it does so with a greater safety margin compared to traditional coppers. • Cueva can be sprayed up until delayed dormancy and through bloom in non-phytotoxicity sensitive apple and pear varieties.

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