FIQH OF FASTING Entering Ramadan Workshop TYPES OF

FIQH OF FASTING Entering Ramadan Workshop

TYPES OF FASTS ( ﺽ obligatory) Fasting in Ramadan Fasting for a vow Fasting a makeup fast ﺓ (practice of the Prophet ( ))ﷺ Fast of Ashura with an added day Fast of on the day of `Arafah

TYPES OF FASTS ﺓ (practice of the Prophet ( ))ﷺ Fast of Ashura with an added day Fast of on the day of `Arafah ( ﺏ preferred) Fasting Mondays and Thursdays Fasting the “white days” (13 th-15 th) Fasting Rajab and Sha`ban

TYPES OF FASTS ( ﻩ undesirable) Fasting on Nayruz Fasting on Friday Fasting on the Day of Doubt or prior to Ramadan ( ﺍﻡ prohibited) `Eid ul-Fitr `Eid ul-Adha Ayyaam ut-Tashreeq

SURAH BAQARAH | VERSE 184 ﺍ ﻯ ﺍﻳ ﻳﻭ ﻥﻧﻭ ﺍ ﻯ ﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺍ ﻡ ﻳ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻥ ﺍ ﻧ ﺍﻳ ﻥ Days (of fasting are) few in number. However, should anyone of you be sick or on a journey, then a number from other days. And those who have the strength, on them there is a ransom: the feeding of a poor person. Then whoever does good voluntarily, that is better for him. And that you fast is better for you, if you know.

WHO IS EXCUSED FROM FASTING Shar`i definition of sick | ﻡ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﻧ The act of worship will aggravate the illness e. g. , wudu and ghusl are replaced with tayammum e. g. , praying standing is replaced with a modified prayer

WHO IS EXCUSED FROM FASTING Shar`i definition of traveler | ﻯ Shar`i length for traveling Same length for when shortening prayers 80. 5 km, 140 m, ~50 mi Distance traveled by a camel carrying a load walking at a medium pace Distance traveled on foot from early morning until noon

WHAT IS FIDYAH? | ﺓ ﻯ ﺍﻳ ﻳﻭ ﺍ ﻳ And those who have the strength, on them there is a ransom: the feeding of a poor person. Linguistic: redemption, ransom, sacrifice Technical: ransom or redemption from the omission of certain religious duties, by material donation or ritual act

WHAT IS FIDYAH? | ﺓ Narration of Salma ibn Akwa` Fidyah was permissible for those who could afford it There was no restriction (i. e. , illness, travel) ﻥ ﻧ ﺍﻟ So those of you who witness the month must fast therein Abrogated the choice of giving fidyah

WHAT IS FIDYAH? | ﺓ Narration of Mu`adh bin Jabal Three changes in fasting From three days a month and `Ashura to fasting in Ramadan From choice of fidyah to fasting if capable From fasting beginning with post-iftar sleep to fasting beginning at dawn

HOW TO GIVE FIDYAH If unable to fast Give the same amount as Sadaqah al-Fitr to those eligible Fidyah should be given for each missed fast If fidyah cannot be given Seek forgiveness Intention to pay when able

WHO CAN GIVE FIDYAH Medical condition Cannot makeup the fast at another time ﺍ ﻯ ﺍ ﻥﺍﻳ And should anyone be sick, or on a journey, then, a number from other days. If the opportunity to makeup the fast never arose, then fidyah is not due

WHO DOES NOT GIVE FIDYAH Traveler Pregnant woman Nursing mother Temporarily sick (patient) Elderly but capable

RESULTS OF INVALIDATING THE FAST Qadah A single day of fasting in place of broken fast Kaffarah Sixty days fasting Fasting missed day If not possible Feed sixty poor people two meals Feed one person two meals for sixty days Give sixty people the fidyah Give one person the fidyah for sixty days

WHAT INVALIDATES THE FAST There are two results of invalidating the fast Qadah (makeup fast) with kaffarah (expiation) Consciously invalidating the fast from the three prohibitions of fasting (food, drink, marital relations) Ingestion or inhalation of a substance

WHAT INVALIDATES THE FAST Qadah (makeup fast) without kaffarah (expiation) A shar`i need arises for one of the three An intention was not made The fast was never started Force vomiting more than a mouthful Taking an enema

CONTINUING THE APPEARANCE OF FASTING If fast was invalidated Should still refrain from eating or drinking Unless medical reason Woman who stopped menstruating in day should refrain from eating or drinking Woman who started menstruating during fast may eat and drink

HOW TO FAST A person should Make intention of fasting anytime from the previous night until midday Necessary component of fasting Abstaining without intention will not fulfill fast

HOW TO FAST No set du`a (supplication) according to the Sunnah Not necessary to verbalize Some scholars recommend I have intended to fast tomorrow Intention can be made until noon Scholars recommend not to delay until after dawn

HOW TO FAST ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺍ Eat sahoor, for verily in sahoor there is blessing.

HOW TO FAST Eat and drink at the end of the night (prior to dawn) ﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﻯ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﻯ ﻭﺍ ﺍ ﻭﺍ “And eat and drink until the white thread [of dawn] becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until sunset”

THE WHITE THREAD FROM THE BLACK THREAD

START AND END TIME FOR FASTING

START AND END TIME FOR FASTING

START AND END TIME FOR FASTING

HOW TO FAST At time of sunset Recite the du`a for breaking the fast ﻟ آ ﻟﻰ O Allah, I fasted for You, and in You I believe, and with Your provision I break my fast. (Tabarani, Abu Dawood) ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺍ ﺍﻟ The thirst has gone and the veins are moistened

COMMON MISTAKES WHEN FASTING Brushing teeth Chewing gum Tasting food* Overeating during sahoor Delaying Maghrib during iftar Giving zakah only in Ramadan Eating/finishing up the meal at sahoor after dawn

OTHER RELATED ITEMS Taraweeh prayer History 20 vs. 8 Is it a Sunnah? Opinions of other scholars What should our stance be?