FINISHING MATERIALS DETAILING Fall 2014 Finishing Surfaces surfaces

FINISHING MATERIALS & DETAILING Fall 2014

Finishing Surfaces surfaces of the building that we see and experience with the visual and tactile characteristics.

Material Selection based on. . . • Aesthetics The visual and tactile qualities expected by the designer • Performance Strenght, durability, flexibility, reflection of light, absorbtion of sound, dimensions available for use, joints with other materials • Sustainability Ecological parameters of the production process, recycling and re-use possibilities, maintanance cost • Feasibility Material cost, mounting and installation cost, accordance with the overall budget

Finishing Materials • Wood • Paints & Coatings • Natural Stones • Plastics • Composite & Artificial Stones / Ceramics • Textiles • Concrete / Terrazzo • Metals • Glass • . . .

Hints for Finishing Joints. . . Finishing materials require special attention to be taken at the joints, the lines along which a finishing material/surface connects to another material. There are building elements and components specificly designed for these purposes, where a third element hides the joint line between the other two.

Hints for Finishing Detailing The shadow gap is a common detail used to conceal the actual joint line within a recessed void.

Finishing - Wall Surfaces In buildings with exposed structural surfaces, structural materials become the finishing materials.

Finishing - Wall Surfaces

A. ROOF CONSTRUCTION: 5 x 20 cm. wood joists, with wood sheathing above. B. Steel Beam with a wood blocking C. Plaster soffit with wood trim D. Wood cover for radiator E. Concrete sill & planter F. Concrete floor slab G. Interior Brick Wall H. Exterior Brick Wall I. Concrete Lintel D. D. Martin House / Frank Lloyd Wright (1904)

Swiss Pavillion / Le Corbusier (1930 -1932)

Swiss Pavillion / Le Corbusier (1930 -1932)

The Curtain Wall Finishing surfaces independent from the structural components became possible with the technological developments structural metal and architectural glass industries.

The Curtain Wall With the variety of details and finishing materials, many designers prefer to use curtain walls and cladding for the finished surfaces.

Architectural Glass Hard, brittle, transparent material composed of earthe elements transformed by fire. Float Glass most common production technic used today Commercially Available as panels of maximum 321 x 600 cm

Architectural Glass can be strenghtened by various processes to imp safety conditions. Laminated Glass simply sandwiches sheets of glass together with a transparent vinyl interlayer that holds the layers together.

Laminated Glass Laminated glass also provides an opportunity of designing and producing glass surfaces with a variety of designs and colors, based on the film layer in between.

Laminated Glass Digital images can be printed on the film layer. . .

Laminated Glass The transparency of a glass surface can be changed by a single on-off switch.

Tempered Glass Another type of strenghtened glass for safety condi is tempered glass. Tempered Glass goes through a thermal process where the glass is heated to high temperatures and then rapidly cooled. The result is a glass 6 times stronger than float glass, and its breaking pattern making it appropriate for use in cases with higher breaking risk.

The AMC Theatre - California

Wall Surfaces – Glass & Metal

1=Pre-coated and roll formed aluminum external skin 2=Adhesive file 3=Aluminum extrusion 4=Aluminum honeycomb 5=Pre-coated aluminum internal skin

Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre – China Aluminum Panel Cladding

Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre Kanyon Shopping Center / Istanbul

Terracotta Modular, lightweigth clay blocks developed for curtain walls and cladding.

Boston Medical (Shapiro Ambulatory Care)

Natural Stones • Marble • Limestone &Travertine • Granite • Onyx • Others (Andesite, Basalt)

Natural Stones - Marble • Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks • Variety of colors and textures • Easy to cut, carve and work with.

Natural Stones - Granite • Magmatic stones transformed under high pressure • More grained structure and appearance • Higher durability than marble and other stones

Natural Stones - Travertine • Kind of limestone deposited in mineral springs, especially geothermal springs. • Porous stone with fossil residues in structure • Mostly cream, beige, brown in color

Natural Stones - Onyx • Stone formed of bands of chalcedony in alternating colors • Translucent & colorful in appearance • Not homogeneous in color & texture

Mounting & Connection Details

Mounting & Connection Details

Natural Stones Esenboga International Airport Terminal – E. Çoban / Ankara

Concrete Mixture of Portland Cement, aggregates and water Cast-in-place or precast. Common material used in frame structures when reinforced by steel Shapeless material whose form, size and texture designed Range of possible formwork has to be form and texture limited only by

Concrete Panels

Concrete Panels

Concrete Panels

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors Floor coating material consisting of two components. Applied on concrete floors Resin based material – Strong adhesion to applied surfaces.

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

Wood 1. wood panel 2. metal substructure 3. demountable clips 4. wall bracket

Wood The tree is the origin of all architectural wood products. Composed of fibers and cells, which are different for all different types of trees. This fiber structure determines the technical characteristics of wood. Wood naturally involves moisture content which causes it to swell or shrink. Dry wood has increased strenght and resistance to decay, fungi & insects.

Wood Lumber A sawn piece of wood, ranked based on standards regarding structural strenght or appearance. Available dimensions are limited by the size of the tree.

Wood - Structural Laminated Wood (Glulam) composed of several layers of dimensional timber glued together with moisture-resistant adhesives, creating a large, strong, structural member that can be used as vertical columns or horizontal beams. Glulam can also be produced in curved shapes, offering extensive design flexibility.

Wood – Joints (Solid Wood) Finger joint Dovetail joint

Wood has a greater tensile strength relative to steel – two times on a strength-to-weight basis – and has a greater compressive resistance strength than concrete.

Sports Court – ECDM / Paris

Bike-Foot Bridge of Barberino del Mugello - Stefano Capretti / Firenze

Wood – Industrial Products Veneer – thin layers of sawn wood used to produce large wooden surfaces Plywood - manufactured from sheets of cross-laminated veneer and bonded under heat and pressure with durable, moisture-resistant adhesives. Particle board – MDF – manufactured by binding particles or fibers of wood with resin Laminated Wood Floor Laminate Floor / Laminate Panels

Wood – Industrial Products Thermowood - Thermo. Wood ® is produced by heat treating wood to temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Centigrade. During heat treatment, chemical and structural changes occur within the timber which alter and improve some of its basic characteristics. The resulting product is an altogether more durable and stable timber, an ideal material for use in exposed areas such as external wall claddings.

Wood Edificio Operativo Metro Caracas / Hector Gimenez

Wood Cruise Ship Terminal – Barcelona /Grupo JG

RESOURCES Emmitt, S. (2002) Architectural Technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ford, E. (2003) The Details of Modern Architecture. Massachusetts: MIT Press Bell, V. B & Rand, P. (2006) Materials for Architectural Design. London: Laurence King Publishing http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Engineered_wood http: //www. finnforest. co. uk/ http: //www. curatedmag. com/news/2009/04/24/sport-court-by-ecdm/ http: //www. linox. com. au http: //www. habitatlegno. com/en/wood-accomplishments/bonatti-bridge/ http: //www 2. dupont. com/Safety. Glass/en_US/design_gallery/facades. html http: //www. linox. com. au http: //www. happyglasswork. com/tempered-glass. html http: //www. pilkington. com http: //www. unitedpanelcorp. com http: //www. alpolic. com