FINGERPRINT REVIEW FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS FIRST PRINCIPLE Friction

FINGERPRINT REVIEW *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS FIRST PRINCIPLE: Friction Ridges develop their Unique form in the fetus *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS SECOND PRINCIPLE: A Fingerprint will remain LARGELY UNCHANGED during an Individual’s Lifetime *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS THIRD PRINCIPLE: Friction Ridge Patterns and their details are UNIQUE No Two Fingers have yet been found to possess IDENTICAL RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS (even identical twins!!) *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS FOURTH PRINCIPLE: FINGERPRINTS CAN BE SYSTEMATICALLY CLASSIFIED by GENERAL RIDGE PATTERNS Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS MINUTIAE - Ridge Characteristics Define Individuality ● IDENTITY ● NUMBER ● RELATIVE LOCATION ● COMPARE POINT BY POINT POSSIBLY 150 POINTS ON THE AVERAGE FINGERPRINT ● Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS MINUTIAE - Ridge Characteristics Define Individuality HOW MANY POINTS MAKE A MATCH? Depends on experience and knowledge of the examiner Usually 8 to 16 Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS FRICTION SKIN RIDGES Palm Side of Fingers and Thumbs Soles of Feet Provide Firmer Grasp Resistance to Slippage Lines corresponding to Hills (ridges) & Valleys (grooves) Change Your Life *

SKIN COMPOSED OF LAYERS OF CELLS EPIDERMIS - OUTER DERMIS - INNER LAYER DERMAL PAPILLAE IN BETWEEN Change Your Life *

SKIN RIDGES CONTAIN PORES Openings for ducts from sweat glands Perspiration discharged to surface of skin Transfer is called LATENT FINGERPRINTS Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS ARCHES 5% LOOPS 60% - 65% WHORLS 30% - 35% Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS ARCHES - least common of three general patterns ● RIDGES ENTER ONE SIDE OF PATTERN AND EXIT ANOTHER ● PLAIN ARCHES - wavelike pattern ● TENTED ARCHES - sharp spike Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS LOOPS - most common type ● Ridges enter one side and exit same side ● ULNAR LOOP - opens toward little finger ● RADIAL LOOP - opens toward thumb Change Your Life *

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINTS LOOPS ● CORE ● TYPE LINES ● DELTA Change Your Life *

FOUR TYPES OF WHORLS 1. Plain Whorl 2. Central pocket loop Whorl 3. Double loop Whorl 4. Accidental Whorl ● ALL HAVE TWO DELTAS & TYPE LINES Change Your Life *

TYPES OF FINGERPRINTS VISIBLE (PATENT)RIDGES PLACED ON A SURFACE AFTER CONTACT WITH A COLORED MATERIAL (blood, paint, grease, ink) Change Your Life *

TYPES OF FINGERPRINTS PLASTIC RIDGES LEFT ON A SOFT MATERIAL (putty, wax, soap, dust) Change Your Life *

TYPES OF FINGERPRINTS LATENT HIDDEN OR INVISIBLE TRANSFER OF BODY PERSPIRATION OR OILS MUST BE ENHANCED Change Your Life *

TYPES OF SURFACES NON-POROUS GLASS, MIRROR, PLASTIC, PAINTED SURFACES ENHANCE WITH SUPER GLUE and/or POWDER Change Your Life *

TYPES OF SURFACES POROUS PAPER, CARDBOARD, CLOTH ENHANCE WITH CHEMICALS Change Your Life *

METHODS OF ENHANCEMENT FINGERPRINT POWDERS BLACK (white surfaces) ● GRAY (dark surfaces) ● FLUORESCENT (multi-colored surfaces) ● MAGNETIC (leather or rough plastic) ● ADHERES TO PERSPIRATION and/or BODY OILS ● Change Your Life *

METHODS OF ENHANCEMENT CHEMICALS IODINE FUMING NINHYDRIN - REACTS WITH PROTEINS PHYSICAL DEVELOPER - SILVER NITRATE BASED - USED WHEN OTHER METHODS UNSUCCESSFUL Change Your Life *

METHODS OF ENHANCEMENT CHEMICALS SUPER GLUE FUMING ● CYANOACRYLATE ESTER ● NON-POROUS SURFACES ● CREATE FUMES WITH HEAT ● PORTABLE WAND AVAILABLE Change Your Life *

METHODS OF ENHANCEMENT FLUORESENCE PERSPIRATION CONTAINS COMPONENTS THAT FLUORESCE WHEN ILLUMINATED WITH LASER LIGHT ● ● ● HIGHLY SENSITIVE ALTERNATE LIGHT SOURCE ● ● QUARTZ HALOGEN ZENON ARC INDIUM ARC DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH DNA TESTING * Change Your Life

PRESERVATION AND COMPARISON OF FINGERPRINTS Change Your Life *

PRESERVATION OF ENHANCED PRINTS PHOTOGRAPHY ● 1: 1 SCALE LIFTING ● TAPE ● HINGED LIFTER Change Your Life *

PRESERVATION OF ENHANCED PRINTS DIGITAL IMAGING ● SCANNER ● DIGITAL CAMERA ● VIDEO CAMERA ENHANCE WITH FILTERS, CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS ● ● REMOVE BACKGROUND COLORS ● SCALING / RESIZING TOOLS ● SIDE-BY-SIDE COMPARISON Change Your Life *

AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System Change Your Life *

AFIS Automatic Scanning Devices Convert Fingerprint Image into Digital Minutiae ● RIDGE ENDINGS ● BIFURCATIONS Change Your Life *

AFIS Types of Databases ● Arrest Prints (KNOWNS) ● Forensic Prints (CRIME SCENE Change Your Life ) *

AFIS THOUSANDS OF COMPARISONS PER SECOND ●ALL SELECTED PRINTS VERIFIED BY TRAINED EXAMINER ● STANDARDS ENABLE AGENCIES TO EASILY EXCHANGE DATA ● Change Your Life *

FINGERPRINT EXAMINER 4 YEAR DEGREE ● 2+ YEARS TRAINING ●CERTIFICATION PROGRAM ● ●Written Test ●Proficiency Test ●Continuing Education International Association for Identification (IAI) ●AVERAGE SALARY OF $52 K ● Change Your Life *