Final Exam Grammar Review Skills that will be

Final Exam Grammar Review

Skills that will be on the final ● Introductory Clause Comma ● Hyphenated Words ● Semi-colon/Colon

Hyphenated Words ● Use a hyphen to separate two adjectives that are equally modifying a noun; Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun o This is different than words of equal rank ● Hyphenated adjectives: brown-eyed girl or chocolate-covered peanut

Hyphenated Words Also use a hyphen for numbers ● twenty-five ● thirty-eight

Hyphens - Prefixes Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex- (meaning former), self-, all-; with the suffix -elect; between a prefix and a capitalized word; and with figures or letters: ex-husband self-assured mid-September all-inclusive anti-American T-shirt pre-Civil War mid-1980 s

Introductory Clause ● When a dependent clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate the dependent clause from the independent clause ● Remember: Always identify the independent clause first o DC, IC ● ICDC o IC; IC ● IC: IC o IC, FANBOYS IC

Introductory Clause examples ● With an adverb: o When I went to the movies, I spilled popcorn all over my date. o Eventually, we will all master comma rules. ● With a preposition: o In the classroom, you can find 28 Juniors anxiously waited for summer to begin. o At the end of the school year, I hope that all of my students pass.

Semicolons Use a semicolon to combine two independent clauses that are related: ● After the heated scene in the hotel (pun definitely intended), Gatsby’s relationship with Daisy was over; the significance of the green light diminished. Use a semicolon to outrank commas in a list: ● This week's winners are Joe from Reno, Nevada; Diane from Phoenix, Arizona; and Matt from Irvine, California.

Semicolons cont. Use semicolons to combine sentences with a transitional adverbs and phrases like however, therefore, indeed; “for example, ” or “in other words”. Remember, using a comma with a transitional adverb creates a comma splice, which is a fragment. ● I have a test tomorrow; therefore, I can’t go out tonight. ● I have a test tomorrow; in other words, I’m staying in for the night.

Colons Use a colon to introduce a list after a complete sentence. ● I need you to pick up a couple of things from the grocery store: milk, eggs, cheese, and bread. Use a colon to combine two sentences. The first sentence should introduce the second, or the second should further explain the first. This can also be used for quotes ● Make sure you know how to use colons: forgetting how to use a colon can make you irritable. (pun intended) ● Fitzgerald’s final words in The Great Gatsby speak to the impossibility of the American Dream: “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past (180). ”