Final Exam Grammar Review Everything in this Powerpoint

Final Exam Grammar Review Everything in this Powerpoint is on the exam!

Subject-Verb Subject: The noun that the sentence is about. The noun that is acting in the sentence. Verb or Simple Predicate: The action that is happening in the sentence. The cat jumped on the couch. Jack and Jill ran up the hill. Van Gogh is my favorite painter.

Verb Tense Agreement Verb tense means using the right form of the verb. The verb needs to match the tense of the subject and the other verbs in the piece. We is going to the mall afterschool. We are going to the mall afterschool. We bought new jeans. We are going to the mall afterschool. We will buy new jeans.

Pronoun-Antecedent A pronoun replaces another noun in a sentence. The antecedent is the noun that is being replaced. They need to match. Bob went to the store to buy his groceries. Bob- Antecedent His- Pronoun

Who v. Whom Who is for the subject- the person acting in the sentence. Whom is for the object- the person being acted on. I love you. I=subject you=object Think about whether it would be he or him. Use who for he and whom for him. Whom do you love? I love him!

His/Her v. Their Even though people do it all the time, “their” cannot replace “his or her. ” Their is plural (more than one). Each student should turn in their project. WRONG! Each student should turn in his or her project. RIGHT!

Comma- Introductory Phrase Place a comma after an introductory phrase. This is a group of words at the start of a sentence that is outside the subject and predicate. It can be removed without changing the main meaning of the sentence. First, I went to the store. After the movie, I went to dinner.

Comma- Appositive Phrase Place commas around an appositive phrase. This is a group of words in the middle of a sentence that is outside the subject and predicate, but gives more information about a noun. It can be removed without changing the main meaning of the sentence. Frank, who is a dog, likes to eat steak. Sally, who is a vegetarian, does not like to eat steak.

Semi-colon- Two Independent Clauses A semi-colon can be used to connect two related independent clauses. These could stand as sentences on their own. It is interchangeable with a period of “, and. ” I like Girl Scout cookies; the best kind is Thin Mints.

Semi-Colon- List with commas Use a semi-colon to separate items in a list when the items have commas in them. This eliminates confusion. I have visited Boise, Idaho; Los Angeles, California; and Nashville, Tennessee.

Colon A colon is used to connect a list or example to the end of an already complete sentence. What is in front of the colon must be a complete sentence first. We read many books in English 11: Hamlet, Beowulf, and The Canterbury Tales. RIGHT! I bought: shoes, a skirt, and a shirt. WRONG!

Parallel Structure Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words throughout a sentence. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. PARALLEL! Mary likes hiking, to swim, and bicycling. NOT PARALLEL! I was asked to write my report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner. PARALLEL! I was asked to write my report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly. NOT PARALLEL!

Misplaced Modifier A misplaced modifier is when a group of words tell us more about something in the sentence, but it is unclear. With no names, the teacher was confused about the assignments. WRONG! The teacher was confused about the assignment with no names. RIGHT!

Titles Put short stories, articles, and short poems in quotes. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” “The Pardoner’s Tale” Put whole works, books, movies in italics or underline. Beowulf The Princess Bride