FILUM COELENTERATA CNIDARIA 1 Classification formerly 2 phylum
- Slides: 59
FILUM COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA) 1
Classification formerly 2 phylum names 1. Coelenterata – hollow gut 2. Cnidaria – nettle
Basic characteristic 3
2 body types Polyp Tubelike, usually sessile and has a cylindrical body with a mouth and tentacles at the upper free end. Other end (aboral) usually attached to a rock or other surface. Thin Mesoglea layer. Corals and Hydras are examples Medusa; bell-shaped body/umbrella, floating, tentacles and mouth facing down, have thick mesoglea ex. jellyfish 4
Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria Mesoglea not true layer
Filum Cnidaria: ubur-ubur, terumbu karang, hydroids, anemone laut terumbu karang hydroids ubur-ubur anemone laut 6
Symmetry Ø Radial symmetry
Nervous System Ø Nerve Net- Cnidarians do not have a brain but they have simple sensory receptors that detect & respond to stimuli evenly spaced Ø Nerve net with stinging capsules called nematocysts
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Ø SEL INTERTISIAL TERDIRI LIMA MACAM SEL BERUKURAN KECIL, AGAK Ø SEL EPITEL OTOT(epithelio. BULAT, NUKLEUS muscle cells) BESAR, TDP SEL Ø SEL INTERSTISIAL(intertitial cells) SPERMA, SEL TELUR, Ø SEL CNIDOCYTE Ø SEL KELENJAR LENDIR Ø DIDALAM CNIDOCYTE TDP (mucus -secreting cells) NEMATOCYTE BENTUKNYA Ø SEL SYARAF INDERA SPT KAPSUL, BULAT, (sensory nerve cells) LONJONG. DIDLMNYA TDP BENANG/PIPA/BERDURI, YG Ø SEL EPITEL OTOT DITEMBAKKAN KE LUAR BERUKURAN BESAR MERUPAKAN PELINDUNG Ø NEMATOCYTE TDP DI TUBUH TENTAKEL DAN UJUNG ORAL
Ø SEL KELENJAR LENDIR MENGHASILKAN LENDIR YANG DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI PELINDUNG UNTUK MENANGKAP MANGSA DAN MELEKAT PADA SUBSTRAT Ø SEL SYARAF BENTUK MIRIP MULTIPOLAR NEURON, TERLETAK PADA DASAR SEL EPITEL OTOT DEKAT DAN SEJAJAR MESOGLEA. Ø SEL INDRA PANJANG, LANGSING, TEGAK LURUS EPIDERMIS. Pangkal sel indera berhub dgn sel syaraf tersusun seperti jala pd epidermis dekat mesoglea. 12
Lapisan epidermis terdiri atas: Sel Epitel Otot, Sel Interstisial, Sel Cnidocyte, Sel Kelenjar Lendir, Sel Saraf Indera. Mesoglea Epithelio-muscle cell nucleus Sensory cell Pseudopodia Cnidocyte Cnidocil Nutritive muscle cell Interstitial cell Enzymatic gland cell Nerve cell 13
Capturing Prey LET’S EAT!!! Ø cnidarians are carnivores (eat meat) that use tentacles arranged in a ring around their mouth to capture prey Ø when a “trigger” is stimulated on a stinging cell called the cnidocyte, a harpoon/spear called nematocyst shoots out & injects poison into the prey
Capturing Prey: Cnidocyte and Nematocyst at work: WE DO WORK!!! Nematocyst (harpoon) Cnidocyte (stinging cell)
TYPE NEMATOCYTE PENGGULUNG (VOLVENT): berukuran kecil berfungsi untuk menggulung mangsa Ø PENUSUK (PENETRANT) : berukuran besar mengandung 3 duri besar dan 3 deret duri kecil berfungsi menyuntikkan racun ke dlm tubuh mangsa Ø TIPE PEREKAT (GLUTINANT): pipa halus yg ujungnya terbuka dan menghasilkan perekat. Ø
RACUN YG DIKELUARKAN HYDRA TDK MEMBAHAYAKAN, NAMUN ADA SENGATAN UBUR-UBUR Physalia dan cchironex sengatannya sangat menyakitkan, panas bahkan dapat mematikan. Ø NEMATOCYTE hanya dipakai sekali, kemudian dibuang. Ø UNTUK MENGGANTINYA sel intertisial membuat cnidocyte baru. Pada waktu memakan kehilangan 25% nematocyte. Ø Penggantian kehilangan nematocyte tersebut memerlukan waktu 48 jam. Ø
Gastrodermis terdiri atas beberapa macam sel: 1. Sel Otot Pencerna yang Berflagela 2. Sel Kelenjar Enzim 3. Sel Kelenjar Lendir Kecuali Hydra, kebanyakan Coelenterata mempunyai nematocyst di dalam lapisan gastrodermis. Pada beberapa jenis Hydra sp. , di dalam gastrodermis terdapat zoochlorella yang hidup bersimbiosis.
Digestion Ø Sac w/ a digestive cavity (gastrovascular cavity) w/ a single opening that acts as a mouth/anus Jellyfish Hydra
Digestion (cont. ) Ø food is pushed into the gastrovascular cavity where digestion begins (extracellular digestion) Ø undigested remains leave through the mouth/anus
Respiration Ø Diffusion- oxygen from water moves into sponge cells (high to low) Excretion Ø mouth/anus- release waste
Reproduction Asexual – budding- formation of outgrowths that pinch off from parent to live independently Ø Sexual- forms a zygote and free swimming planula that settles on ocean floor Ø *MOST ALTERNATE B/W POLYP & MEDUSA LIFE FORM Ø
Reproduction (cont. )
Phylogeny of Cnidaria Cladogram based on molecular systematic data
Class Hydrozoa Ø Most varied and derived of the cnidarian groups Ø Includes freshwater species (hydra spp) Ø Colonial species common Ø Most have typical dimorphic life cycle Ø Examples of polyp-only forms (hydra) Ø Examples of medusa-only forms (Gonionemus)
Atypical Hydrozoans Ø Hydra – – – Lacks medusa stage Asexual - budding Sexual - gametes
Atypical Hydrozoans Ø Gonionemus – reduced polyp form
Colonial Hydrozoans Ø Colony of specialized hydranths – – – Gonangia (gonozooids) – reproduction Gastrozooids – feeding Dactyolozooids – catching prey hydranths
Colonial Hydrozoans
Colonial Hydrozoans Portuguese Man-O-War (Physalia physalis) Ø Polyp – air bag Ø Feeding & reproductive hydranths - tentacles Ø
Colonial Hydrozoans Ø Fire Corals – NOT TRUE CORAL • Hydrozoan colony – TRUE CORAL • Anthozoan colony – Cnidocytes cause severe pain
Dimorphic Life Cycle and Reproductive Modes Ø Asexual – Budding • Medusa buds • Polyp buds Ø Sexual – – Gonadal tissue Gametes Fertilization, embryogenesis Planula larvae
Obelia Reproduction
Class Scyphozoa Ø Typically thought of as jellyfish & active predators Ø Range from thimble size to queen-size mattresses Ø Most have typical dimorphic life cycle – – Polyp stage is atypical Majority of life cycle spent in medusa form Ø Mostly medusas which reproduce sexually Ø Polyp stages early in life
Scyphozoan Life Cycle
Aurelia aurita (Moon jelly)
Class Scyphozoa Sea thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata), Honduras Ø Tiny jellyfish (< 1 inch) that swarm in the spring Ø Adults and larvae (“sea lice”) may cause a severe skin reaction in humans Ø Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Copyright ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Class Upside down jellyfish (Cassiopea xamachana) from Bermuda, with zooxanthellae Ø This specimen is swimming up to the surface, where its reflection is visible Ø Scyphozoa Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Copyright ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display CNIDARIA Class Scyphozoa Jellyfish (Mastigias sp. , family Rhizostomeae) from Jellyfish Lake in Palau, western Pacific Ø Have lost their ability to sting and depend on zooxanthellae for nutrition Ø Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
CNIDARIA Class Scyphozoa Ø Lion’s Mane Jelly (Cyanea capillata) Ø Bell – 6 ft Ø Tentacles – 120 ft http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Hqf. Cm 58 SB 6 Y
Class Cubozoa
Phylum Cnidaria Class Cubozoa Ø Carybdeid, Darwin, Australia Ø Carybdea sivickisi Ø South pacific
Phylum Cnidaria Class Cubozoa Ø Chironex fleckeri Ø Size of human head with tentacles (4) up to 9 ft long Ø 18 -24 ft of tentacles can deliver enough poison to kill in <5 min.
Class Anthozoa Ø Anemones & Corals Ø Lack medusa form Ø Form colonies (especially coral)
Class Anthozoa Largest class existing only as polyps Ø Includes anemones, coral, sea pansies, sea fans, and sea whips Ø Nearly all contain symbiotic algae, dinoflagellates, in exchange for food Ø Many of the brilliant colors come from the algae Ø Some reproduce asexually by budding Ø Others sexual with sperm and egg being released into the ocean where fertilization occurs Ø Zygotes develop into planulae that settle and develop into polyps Ø
Class Anthozoa – Typical Polyp Form
CNIDARIA Class Anthozoa giant anemone or purple -tipped anemone (Condylactis gigantea) often harbors cleaning shrimp among its tentacles Ø Common in Bermuda and the Caribbean Ø Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Anemone with Anemone Fish
Class Anthozoa – Hard Coral Ø Hexacorallia – 6 -fold symmetry Ø Precipitate Ca 3(CO 3)2 from sea water to produce skeletal structures that become coral reefs Ø Contain zooxanthella
Class Anthozoa – soft corals Ø Octocorallia – 8 -fold symmetry Ø Form complex tubelike skeletal structures Ø Lack zooxanthella
Reefs Shallow tropical waters Ø Hermatypic corals (Class Anthozoa, subclass hexacorallia, order scleractinia) Ø Contain symbiotic dinoflagellates Ø Precipitate Ca. CO 3 to form “exoskeleton” Ø
Zooxanthella Ø Green algae
Atoll
Phylum Ctenophora Ø Comb-jellies – Rows of cells with fused cilia – comb-plates Ø <100 species Ø Lack cnidocytes Ø Complete digestive tract
Ctenophore Morphology
Ctenophore Morphology
Ctenophore Body Forms Ø Biradial symmetry – – Two tentacle clusters Even # comb rows Ø Some are bilateral
terimakasih 59
- Thimble jellyfish adalah
- Nematocystes
- Filum cnidaria terbagi menjadi 3 kelas
- Fisiologi cnidaria
- Types of medusoid zooid
- Segmented body
- Stinging cells
- Obelia medusa diagram
- Bank alfalah formerly
- To fish as formerly
- Formerly restricted data
- Absence management formerly aesop
- Cubozoa characteristics
- 2 forms of cnidarians
- Phylum cnidaria general characteristics
- Ctenophora life cycle
- General characteristics of cnidaria
- Fried egg jellyfish symmetry
- Kingdom animalia phylum cnidaria
- Hemichordata
- Lipomielomeningocele
- Silika
- Fisiologi platyhelminthes
- Arthropoda
- Filum terminale
- Filum nematoda
- Sistem peredaran darah polyplacophora
- Articulata
- Reino de los poriferos
- Vasomotor sudomotor pilomotor
- Spatium epidurale
- Yang termasuk filum
- Morfologi paragonimus westermani
- Plante avasculare
- Platyhelminthes classes
- Manfaat annelida
- Xylosandrus compactus
- Subarachnoid space
- Subfilum hemichordata
- Termasuk ke dalam filum
- Pereion
- Paru paru dan fungsinya
- Nervous system in coelenterata
- Coelenterata rongga tubuh
- Hydrostatic movement in coelenterata
- Coelenterata adalah
- Sistem respirasi coelenterata
- Coelenterata
- Ciri-ciri umum dunia hewan
- Phylum order
- Protozoa general characters
- Protozoa classification
- Fungi phylum
- Whats a phylum
- Phylum apicomplexa classification
- Which chordate groups can regulate their body temperatures
- Trichomonas vaginalis taxonomy
- Horse taxonomy classification
- How many tissue layers do cnidarians have
- Are sponges cnidarians