Figure S 1 Map of plasmids constructed in

A Conc. III Conc. IV control nourseothricin zeocin ampicillin B Conc. III Conc. IV

A B Control-0 F 6. 67× 107 cells spread on the half-strength seawater C

375 m. M 500 m. M Figure S 4. Supernatant of the washed Chaetoceros

A L-300 V L-400 V L+SSDNA-300 V L+SSDNA-400 V CP CP+SS L-500 V L+SSDNA-500

Figure S 6. Growth and nitrate concentrations in the culture of Chaetoceros muelleri grown

A B Figure S 7. Sequence alignment of the promoters of acetyl-Co. A acetyltransferase

Light image Chlorophyll GFP Merge Figure S 8. Fluorescent microscope images of the transformant

M wt G 5 G 8 Figure S 9. The original Western Bolt image.

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Figure S 1. Map of plasmids constructed in this study

A Conc. III Conc. IV control nourseothricin zeocin ampicillin B Conc. III Conc. IV control nourseothricin gentamicin zeocin hygromycin B blasticidin-S kanamycin chloramphenicol tetracycline spectinomycin blasticidin-S control Figure S 2. Antibiotic sensitivity test of Chaetoceros muelleri on 48 -well plates. A: Supplement to Fig. 2 A; B: Supplement to Fig. 2 B.

A B Control-0 F 6. 67× 107 cells spread on the half-strength seawater C D Nor-100 G Zeo-50 H Zeo-100 2× 108 cells spread on the half-strength seawater K L Nor-100 Nor-200 E Nor-300 I Bla-S-3. 33 Zeo-20 J Bla-S-6. 66 Bla-S-9. 99 6. 67× 107 cells spread on the quarter-strength seawater M Bla-S-3. 33 Figure S 3. Antibiotic sensitivity test of Chaetoceros muelleri on solid plate containing nourseothricin (Nor, concentration from 100 -300 μg m. L-1), zeocin (Zeo, concentration from 20 -100 μg m. L-1) or blasticidin-S (Bla-S, concentration from 3. 339. 99 μg m. L-1). A-J: A total of 6. 67× 107 cells were spread the plates with half-strength seawater; K-L: A total of 2× 108 cells were spread the plates with half-strength seawater; M: A total of 6. 67× 107 cells were spread the plates with quarter-strength seawater.

375 m. M 500 m. M Figure S 4. Supernatant of the washed Chaetoceros muelleri cells by 375 or 500 m. M sorbitol.

A L-300 V L-400 V L+SSDNA-300 V L+SSDNA-400 V CP CP+SS L-500 V L+SSDNA-500 V L-600 V L-700 V L+SSDNA-600 V L+SSDNA-700 V B LP LP+SS Figure S 5. Pictures of transformation plates. A: Supplement to Fig. 4 A; B: Supplement to Fig. 4 B without Si.

Figure S 6. Growth and nitrate concentrations in the culture of Chaetoceros muelleri grown in f/2 media with (f/2+Si) or without (f/2) Si (30 mg L-1).

A B Figure S 7. Sequence alignment of the promoters of acetyl-Co. A acetyltransferase (ACATp) and fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein (Fcpp) in diatoms. Cg. ACATp, Chaetoceros gracilis ACAT promoter (Gen. Bank: AB 981624); Cm. ACATp, Chaetoceros muelleri ACAT promoter; Cg. Lhcf 4 p, C. gracilis Fcp promoter (Gen. Bank: AB 981630); Cm. Lhcf 4 p, C. muelleri Fcp promoter; Pt. Fcp. Bp, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Fcp. B promoter (Gen. Bank: Z 24768: 1325 -1569). The sequence identify between Cg. ACATp and Cm. ACATp is 71. 26%, and that between Cg. Lhcf 4 p and Cm. Lhcf 4 p is 89. 67%, Cm. Lhcf 4 p and Pt. Fcp. Bp is 51. 4%.

Light image Chlorophyll GFP Merge Figure S 8. Fluorescent microscope images of the transformant expressing e. GFP.

M wt G 5 G 8 Figure S 9. The original Western Bolt image.