Figure 7 2 Hydrophilic head WATER Hydrophobic tail

Figure 7. 2 Hydrophilic head WATER Hydrophobic tail WATER

Figure 7. 3 Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic regions of protein Hydrophilic regions of protein

Figure 7. 5 Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) Glycoprotein Carbohydrate Glycolipid EXTRACELLULAR SIDE OF MEMBRANE Cholesterol Microfilaments of cytoskeleton Peripheral proteins Integral protein CYTOPLASMIC SIDE OF MEMBRANE

Figure 7. 7 RESULTS Membrane proteins Mouse cell Mixed proteins after 1 hour Human cell Hybrid cell

Figure 7. 8 Fluid Viscous Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails Saturated hydrocarbon tails (a) Unsaturated versus saturated hydrocarbon tails (b) Cholesterol within the animal cell membrane Cholesterol

Figure 7. 10 a Signaling molecule Enzymes ATP (a) Transport Receptor Signal transduction (b) Enzymatic activity (c) Signal transduction

Figure 7. 10 b Glycoprotein (d) Cell-cell recognition (e) Intercellular joining (f) Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)

Figure 7. 12 Transmembrane glycoproteins Secretory protein Golgi apparatus Vesicle ER ER lumen Glycolipid Plasma membrane: Cytoplasmic face Extracellular face Transmembrane glycoprotein Secreted protein Membrane glycolipid

Figure 7. 13 a Molecules of dye Membrane (cross section) WATER Net diffusion (a) Diffusion of one solute Equilibrium

Figure 7. 13 b Net diffusion Equilibrium (b) Diffusion of two solutes

Figure 7. 14 Lower concentration of solute (sugar) Higher concentration of solute Sugar molecule H 2 O Selectively permeable membrane Osmosis Same concentration of solute

Figure 7. 15 Hypotonic solution Isotonic solution Hypertonic solution (a) Animal cell H 2 O Lysed (b) Plant cell H 2 O Cell wall Turgid (normal) H 2 O Normal H 2 O Flaccid Osmosis H 2 O Shriveled H 2 O Plasmolyzed

Figure 7. 16 Contractile vacuole 50 m

Figure 7. 19 Diffusion Passive transport Facilitated diffusion Active transport ATP

Figure 7. 20 ATP Proton pump H CYTOPLASM EXTRACELLULAR FLUID H H H H H

Figure 7. 21 ATP H H Proton pump H H H H H Sucrose-H cotransporter Sucrose Diffusion of H Sucrose

Figure 7. 22 Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Solutes Pseudopodium Receptor Ligand Plasma membrane Coated pit “Food” or other particle Coated vesicle Vesicle Food vacuole CYTOPLASM Coat proteins