Figure 5 1 Transmission medium and physical layer

Figure 5. 1 Transmission medium and physical layer 5. 1 Visit for more Learning Resources

Figure 5. 2 Classes of transmission media 5. 2

5 -1 GUIDED MEDIA Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Topics discussed in this section: Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable 5. 3

Figure 5. 1 Fiber optics: Bending of light ray 5. 4

Figure 5 Optical fiber 5. 5

Figure 5. 1 Propagation modes 5. 6

Figure 5. 2 Modes 5. 7

Table 5. 3 Fiber types 5. 8

Figure 5. 4 Fiber construction 5. 9

Figure 5. 5 Fiber-optic cable connectors 5. 10

Figure 5. 6 Optical fiber performance 5. 11

5 -2 UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to as wireless communication. Topics discussed in this section: Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared 5. 12

Figure 5. 2 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication 5. 13

Table 5. 23 Bands 5. 14

Figure 5. 24 Wireless transmission waves 5. 15

Note Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. They can penetrate through walls. Highly regulated. Use omni directional antennas 5. 16

Figure 7. 20 Omnidirectional antenna 5. 17

Note Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs. Higher frequency ranges cannot penetrate walls. Use directional antennas - point to point line of sight communications. 7. 18 For more detail contact us