Figure 5 1 Helix Scapha Hammer Anvil Stapes

Figure 5. 1

(Helix) (Scapha) (Hammer, Anvil, Stapes) (Concha) Pinna (Earlobe) Eustachian Tube Middle-ear cavity (Ear canal) (Eardrum) Figure 5. 2

Figure 5. 3

Figure 5. 4

BM displacement 0. 6 k. Hz BASE distance along basilar membrane APEX Figure 5. 5

) ) Figure 5. 6

10’ 120’ 0 0 0 Figure 5. 7

Wave Propagation Figure 5. 8

Figure 5. 9

Figure 5. 10

base cochlear partition scala tympani Figure 5. 11

cochlear partition Figure 5. 12

A B Figure 5. 13

Figure 5. 14

Figure 5. 15

Normalized BM Amplitude 1. 0 0. 8 0. 6 300 Hz 0. 4 200 Hz 0. 2 0. 0 18 k. Hz 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1 k. Hz 1. 6 700 Hz 1. 8 2. 0 f/f. MAX Figure 5. 16

B 120 Threshold Intensity (d. B SPL) 100 Thres hold AN re spon se cu Normalized BM Amplitude A rves 80 60 40 Li near BM 20 3 resp onse 60 40 20 curv e @1 8 k. H 6 10 Frequency (k. Hz) z 14 18 3 6 10 Frequency (k. Hz) 14 18 Figure 5. 17

tip-links B A stereocilia Tectorial membrane OHC stereocilia OHC lateral membrane Vm�� OHC Ve Cl- Vm Cl- prestin IHC Auditory nerve OHC Basilar membrane Deiters’ cell somatic motor Figure 5. 18

Figure 5 -19 A B base Bat at 150 k. Hz middle Rat at 15 k. Hz C apex Guinae Pig at 1. 8 k. Hz

Figure 5 -20

A B Figure 5 -21

A B Figure 5 -22

+ + positive feedback IHC BM - TM stiffness control DC AC stereocilia OHC efferent feedback CNS Figure 5 -23

Figure 5. 24

Figure 5. 25

Figure 5. 26