Figure 23 1 Alimentary canal and related accessory

Figure 23. 1 Alimentary canal and related accessory digestive organs. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 2 Gastrointestinal tract activities. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 3 Peristalsis and segmentation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 3 a Peristalsis and segmentation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 3 b Peristalsis and segmentation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 4 Neural reflex pathways initiated by stimuli inside or outside the gastrointestinal tract. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 5 The peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 5 a The peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 5 b The peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 6 Basic structure of the alimentary canal. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 7 Anatomy of the oral cavity (mouth). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 7 a Anatomy of the oral cavity (mouth). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 7 b Anatomy of the oral cavity (mouth). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 8 Dorsal surface of the tongue, and the tonsils. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 9 The salivary glands. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 9 a The salivary glands. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 9 b The salivary glands. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 10 a Human dentition. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 10 b Human dentition. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 11 Longitudinal section of a canine tooth within its bony alveolus. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 12 Microscopic structure of the esophagus. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 12 a Microscopic structure of the esophagus. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 12 b Microscopic structure of the esophagus. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 13 Deglutition (swallowing) (1 of 5). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 13 Deglutition (swallowing) (2 of 5). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 13 Deglutition (swallowing) (3 of 5). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 13 Deglutition (swallowing) (4 of 5). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 13 Deglutition (swallowing) (5 of 5). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 14 a Anatomy of the stomach. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 14 b Anatomy of the stomach. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 15 a Microscopic anatomy of the stomach. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 15 b Microscopic anatomy of the stomach. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 15 c Microscopic anatomy of the stomach. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 16 Photographs of a gastric ulcer lesion and of the bacteria that most commonly cause it. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 16 a Photographs of a gastric ulcer lesion and of the bacteria that most commonly cause it. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 16 b Photographs of a gastric ulcer lesion and of the bacteria that most commonly cause it. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 17 Neural and hormonal mechanisms that regulate release of gastric juice. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 18 Mechanism of HCl secretion by parietal cells. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 19 Peristaltic waves in the stomach. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 20 Neural and hormonal factors inhibiting gastric emptying. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 21 The duodenum of the small intestine, and related organs. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 22 a Structural modifications of the small intenstine that increase its surface area for digestion and absorption. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 22 b Structural modifications of the small intenstine that increase its surface area for digestion and absorption. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 22 c Structural modifications of the small intenstine that increase its surface area for digestion and absorption. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 23 Villi and microvilli of the small intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 23 a Villi and microvilli of the small intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 23 b Villi and microvilli of the small intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 24 a Gross anatomy of the human liver. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 24 b Gross anatomy of the human liver. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 25 a-b Microscopic anatomy of the liver. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 25 c Microscopic anatomy of the liver. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 26 Structure of the enzyme-producing tissue of the pancreas. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 26 a Structure of the enzyme-producing tissue of the pancreas. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 26 b Structure of the enzyme-producing tissue of the pancreas. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 27 Activation of pancreatic proteases in the small intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 28 Mechanisms promoting secretion and release of bile and pancreatic juice. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 29 a Gross anatomy of the large intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 29 b Gross anatomy of the large intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 30 a Mesenteries of the abdominal digestive organs. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 30 b Mesenteries of the abdominal digestive organs. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 30 c Mesenteries of the abdominal digestive organs. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 30 d Mesenteries of the abdominal digestive organs. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 31 Defecation reflex. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 32 Flowchart of chemical digestion and absorption of foodstuffs (1 of 4). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 32 Flowchart of chemical digestion and absorption of foodstuffs (2 of 4). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 32 Flowchart of chemical digestion and absorption of foodstuffs (3 of 4). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 32 Flowchart of chemical digestion and absorption of foodstuffs (4 of 4). Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 33 Protein digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 34 Emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 35 Embryonic development of the digestive system. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 35 a Embryonic development of the digestive system. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 23. 35 b Embryonic development of the digestive system. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Making Connections 23. 1 Homeostatic Interrelationships Between the Digestive System and Other Body Systems Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.