FIGURE 15 1 A 741 operational amplifier opamp

FIGURE 15. 2 Op-amp supply voltages. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 3 Op-amp ID code. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 4 Op-amp packages. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright ©

FIGURE 15. 5 Op-amp signal inputs. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 6 Op-amp feedback path. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 7 Op-amp input polarities. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 8 Input/output polarity relationships. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 9 Op-amp supply voltages. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 10 Output voltage as a function of load resistance. Robert Paynter Introductory

FIGURE 15. 11 Output voltage as a function of supply voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory

FIGURE 15. 12 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 13 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 14 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 15 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 16 The basic differential amplifier. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits

FIGURE 15. 17 Differential amplifier input/output relationships. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits

FIGURE 15. 18 Output offset voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 19 A battery representing the input offset voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic

FIGURE 15. 20 Eliminating output offset voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits

FIGURE 15. 21 An open input prevents the op-amp from working. Robert Paynter Introductory

FIGURE 15. 22 Common-mode signals. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright ©

FIGURE 15. 23 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 24 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 25 Slew-rate distortion. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright ©

FIGURE 15. 26 Typical 741 op-amp curves. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits

FIGURE 15. 27 KA 741 specification sheet. (Courtesy of Fairchild Semiconductor. Used by permission.

FIGURE 15. 28 Inverting amplifier operation. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 29 Output impedance. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright ©

FIGURE 15. 30 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 31 Noninverting amplifier. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright ©

FIGURE 15. 32 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 33 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 34 Voltage follower. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright ©

FIGURE 15. 35 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 36 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 37 Effect of an open Rf on the inverting amplifier output. Robert

FIGURE 15. 38 Equivalent circuit for an inverting amplifier with open Rin. Robert Paynter

FIGURE 15. 39 Op-amp frequency response. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 40 Op-amp frequency-response curve. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 41 Op-amp feedback path. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 42 Obtaining negative feedback. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 43 Obtaining positive feedback. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright

FIGURE 15. 44 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 45 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 46 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 47 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 48 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 49 Amplifier input and output impedance. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and

FIGURE 15. 50 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 51 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 52 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 53 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 54 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 55 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 56 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 57 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 58 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 59 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 60 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 61 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 62 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 63 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 64 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 65 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

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FIGURE 15. 67 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 68 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

FIGURE 15. 69 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

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FIGURE 15. 73 Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by

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FIGURE 15. 1 A 741 operational amplifier (op-amp). Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 8 Input/output polarity relationships. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 10 Output voltage as a function of load resistance. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 11 Output voltage as a function of supply voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 16 The basic differential amplifier. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 17 Differential amplifier input/output relationships. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 19 A battery representing the input offset voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 20 Eliminating output offset voltage. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 21 An open input prevents the op-amp from working. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 26 Typical 741 op-amp curves. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 27 KA 741 specification sheet. (Courtesy of Fairchild Semiconductor. Used by permission. ) Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 28 Inverting amplifier operation. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 37 Effect of an open Rf on the inverting amplifier output. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 38 Equivalent circuit for an inverting amplifier with open Rin. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 39 Op-amp frequency response. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 40 Op-amp frequency-response curve. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 42 Obtaining negative feedback. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 43 Obtaining positive feedback. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

FIGURE 15. 49 Amplifier input and output impedance. Robert Paynter Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.