Figure 1 Cross section of the Sciatic nerve

Figure 2 (Traumatic Neuroma) Legend 2 Traumatic Neuroma. There is a multidirectional proliferation of

P < 0. 0001 * 30 pg/ml/mg 25 20 15 10 5 Sham n=10

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Figure 1 (Cross section of the Sciatic nerve) Legend 1 Sections of a normal peripheral nerve show an orderly pattern of nerve fibers with scant intervening fibrous tissue , and a prominent epineurium (H & E, 40 X). A zone of tissue edema with surrounding thickening of the epineurium can be seen, which is characteristic of a normal healing nerve.

Figure 2 (Traumatic Neuroma) Legend 2 Traumatic Neuroma. There is a multidirectional proliferation of dense fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the nerve fibers and blends into the surrounding stroma (H & E, 100 X). Intermediate power photomicrograph demonstrates extensive collagenization of the nerve with residual chronic inflammation. Features are pathognomonic of a traumatic neuroma.

P < 0. 0001 * 30 pg/ml/mg 25 20 15 10 5 Sham n=10 Neuroma n=9 Non Neuroma n=11 Figure 3 (TNF-α levels in Neuroma and Non Neuroma formation groups) Legend 3 TNF-α is significantly increased in neuroma and non-neuroma groups, compared to the sham group. The increase in the neuroma group is significantly higher than in the non-neuroma group.

P < 0. 0001 * 4000 3500 3000 pg/ml/mg 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Sham n=10 Neuroma n=9 Non Neuroma n=11 Figure 4 (IL-6 levels in Neuroma and Non Neuroma formation groups) Legend 4 IL-6 is significantly increased in the neuroma and non-neuroma groups, compared to the sham group. The increase in the neuroma group is significantly higher than in the non-neuroma group.

P < 0. 0001 * 700 600 pg/ml/mg 500 400 300 200 100 0 Sham n=10 Neuroma n=9 Non Neuroma n=11 Figure 5 (IL-1β levels in Neuroma and Non Neuroma formation groups) Legend 5 IL-1β is significantly increased in neuroma group when compared with the non neuroma and sham groups. .

P < 0. 01 * 450 400 350 pg/ml/mg 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Sham n=10 Neuroma n=9 Non Neuroma n=11 Figure 6 (IL-10 levels in Neuroma and Non Neuroma formation groups) Legend 6 IL-10 is significantly increased in non-neuroma group when compared to the neuroma and sham groups. No difference was seen between the sham and neuroma groups.