Fig Taphrina deformans Columnar asci at the edge

Fig. Taphrina deformans. Columnar asci at the edge of a leaf curl lesion on peach. Numerous immature asci are also shown in the foreground emerging from the leaf surface. (× 1, 000) (left) and Asci lacking an associated ascocarp on the surface of a leaf (Taphrina) (right).

Ⅱ. 원자낭균강(原子囊菌綱, Protoascomycetes) 또는 효모강(酵母綱, Ascomycetous Yeasts) : 영양체는 단세포 또는 균사체로, 때로는 세포가 연결되어 위균사체(僞菌絲體, pseudomycelium)가 된다. 대부분의 종은 효모(yeast)이다. Order Saccharomycetales Family Metschnikowiaceae 예) Nematospora

Microsphaera alni. Section of a cleistothecium in which three asci are exposed. Ascospores have not yet developed and branching of appendages is incomplete. (× 250) (left) and Surface view of a mature cleistothecium illustrating the non-planar, dichotomous branching habit and equatorial appendages. (× 500) (right).

Phyllectinia guttana. A mature cleistothecium showing a distinct mucilaginous cap and equatorially arranged, tapered appendages each with a bulbous base. (× 75) (left) and Appendages on a nearly mature cleistothecium. (× 200) (right)

Uncinula circinata. Surface view of two mature cleistothecia. Hyphal attachments to the leaf surface are present around the base of the cleistothecium on the left while, on the right, the lower surface of a detached cleistothecium is exposed. Appandages in this species are produced abundantly on the upper half of the cleistothecia. (× 100) (left) and Terminal portion of appendages. (× 1, 000) (right)

그림. 핵균강의 자낭 정부조직 1. Clavicipitaceae, 2. Hypocreaceae, 3. Nypomycetaceae, 4. Diatryaceae, 5. Diaportheaceae, 6∼ 7. Amphisphaeriaceae, 8. Calniaceae, 9. Xylariaceae * 6∼ 9는 Meltzer's reagent로 청색으로 염색

Family Diaporthaceae(동고병균과, 胴枯病菌科) 예) Cryphonectria parasitica(구학명; Endothia, 밤나무줄기마름병균), Diaporthe citri(귤나무수지병균, 樹脂病菌; 무성세대, Phomopsis), D. nomurai Hara (뽕나 무줄기마름병균; 胴枯病菌), D. sojae(콩미이라병균; 黑點病菌), Gaeumannomyces graminis(벼. 보리마름병균; 立枯病菌), Gnomonia erythrostoma(벚나무잎마름병균; 葉枯病菌), Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr ( 벼도열병균, 稻熱病菌; 무성세대, Pyricularia), Leucostoma persooni(복숭아나무 줄기마름병균; 胴枯病菌; 구명 Valsa), L. ceratosperma (Tode ex Fries) Maire (사 과나무부란병균; 腐爛病菌) Family Amphisphaeriaceae 예) Physalospora baccae(포도꼭지마름병균)

Phyllachora punctum. Sectional view of a perithecium showing the perithcial wall, stromatic tissue and several asci which contain ascospores in a single file. (× 300) (left) and Asci within a perithecium. The outlines of enclosed ascospore can be seen in several asci. Filiform paraphyses are also present. (× 1, 000) (right)

Venturia inaqualis. Sectional view of an erumpent pseudothecium in an apple leaf showing several elongate asci and thin pseudothecial wall. The host epidermis separated from the underlying palisade parenchyma during sample preparatio. (× 500)

Monilinia fructicola. Mummies that overwinter in contact with the soil on the orchard floor produce cup-shaped apothecia (left) and At maturity, the apothecia are lined with numerous inoperculate asci (right).

Ascocalyx abietina (syn. Scleroderris abietina). Surface view of an apothecium on a twig of red pine. The hymenium in this instance is not fully exposed. (× 80) (left) and Sectional view of the hymenium showing the long, cylindrical asci and slender thread-like paraphyses. (× 500) (right)

* 일부 학자는 자낭반균강 또는 반균강(盤菌綱, Discomycetes)을 다음과 같이 분류 하기도 한다. Order Rhytismatales(타르병균목) Family Hypodermataceae(잎흔들병균과) 예) Rhytisma acerinum(단풍나무점은무늬병균), Lophodermium australe(소나무잎 떨림병균; 葉振病菌) Order Helotiales(균핵병균목) Family Dermateaceae(배꼽버섯과) 예) Leptotrochila trifalii(클로버검은잎마름병균), Pseudopeziza trifolii(클로버사 마귀반점병균)

Family Hyaloscyphaceae(하이알로스키파과) 예) Trichoscyphella wilkommii(낙엽송암종병균) Family Sclerotiniaceae(균핵병균과) 예) Botryotinia arachidis(강낭콩균핵병균; 菌核病菌), Monilinia fructigena(사과나 무잿빛무늬병균, 灰星病菌; Sclerotinia fructigena), Ovulinia azaleae(철쭉꽃썩음 병균), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(당근균핵병균; 菌核病菌) Family Helotiaceae(헬로티움과) 예) Chloroscypha seaveri(침엽수흑립엽고병균, 黑粒葉枯病菌)