Field Crop Department Crop Entomology Practical 3 rd

Field Crop Department Crop Entomology (Practical) 3 rd Class Prepared by: Khalid Qadir Khidher Siyan Lecturer University of Salahaddin College of Agriculture Plant Protection Department E mail: Khalid. siyan@yahoo. com 2018 -2019

Lab. No. 1 The kingdoms of the World The world is divided into a number of kingdoms. • Monera (Bacteria, blue-green algae) • Protista (Protozoa or single-celled algae) • Fungi(Fungus & molds, Yeasts, Mushrooms) • Plantae (plants , lichens , flowering & non flowering plants) • Animalia (Animals, Worms , Fishes, Wales, Birds, Mammals, insects )

Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda The characteristics of the phylum 1. They have a hard Exoskeleton. They don’t have bones, but the hard outer covering supports the muscles. 2. The body is formed of a number of segments. 3. The appendages are jointed. 4. Bilateral symmetry Note: - this phylum divided into some subphylum:

Insect position in the animal world (Kingdom): Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda Subphylum 1 : Mandibulata

Class A: Chilopoda (Centipedes) • The body are elongate , worm like with small Head & long Trunk consist of 20 -22 segments. • Each segment bear (1) pair of legs. • (1) pair of long antennae. • The 1 st pair of legs modified into venomous {[Fangs]}. ﻣﺨﻠﺐ ( )ﺳﻤﻲ • Terrestrial &nocturnal , some of it are very poisonous & others are beneficial because they feed on fly , spider & small animals. • They are active , fast, found in variety place , but usually in protected situation such as under bark & rotten logs. . EX. Scolopendra spp.

Scolopendra Centipedes

Class B: Diplopoda (Millipedes) • The body is cylindrical, haves more than 50 segments. • Each body segment bear 2 pair of legs. • (1) pair of short antennae with 7 segments. • They are usually found in damp places , under (fall leaves , stones, board) in rotting woods & soil etc… • Sometimes do serious damage in greenhouses &gardens. • EX. Iulus sp.

Iulus sp.

Class C: Crustacea Order : Decapoda 1. Body regions are cephalothorax & abdomen. 2. Abdomen Segments may be fused. 3. 5 pairs of legs , the 1 st pair is modified into mandibles (Jaws) for chewing called tongs. 4. (2) pairs of antennae. 5. Aquatic (marine &fresh) water animal. Some are used as human food. 6. EX. Crab sp. , Astacus , crayfish.

Crab Crayfish

Class D: Insecta (Hexapoda) Ø Body with distinct head, thorax and abdomen Ø (1) pair of antennae. Ø (3) pairs of legs (6 legs). Ø 1 or 2 pairs of wings or wingless. Ø Have different types of Development. Ø Divided into 2 subclass : -

2 -Subclass : pterygota . (Metabola). Divided into 2 Division: - A- Exopterygota : included 16 orders such as ( Odonata , Ephemeroptera naiad –adult ). with Hemimetabola or heterometabola ( Egg – tera , Dictyopera , Hemiptera , Isoptera With Graduate metabola ( egg -----nymph-------adult ) Dermaptera , Dictyopera , Hemiptera , Isoptera With Egg -------Nymph ------ Adult Gradual metabola

B- Endopterygota Include 9 orders such as ( Lepidoptera , Hymenoptera , coleoptera , Neuroptera etc With complete (Holometabola ) (egg----- larva-----pupa---- adult)

Subphylum 2 chelicerata Class : Arachnida A- order : Acarina ex : Ticks & Mites : be characterized by: - he body is oval & compact , consist of 1 segment (region) , with small head. *Have 4 pairs of legs. *Have no (compound eye , wings & Antennae). Ticks parasite on animals only but Mites is parasite n Humans , animals & insects.

Mite(Varroa destructor) American dog tick

B- Order Scorpionida Ex ; Scorpion * The body divided into Cephalothorax & Abdomen. * Have 4 pairs of legs. *Have (1) pair of chelicerae. *Have no antenna. No wing. Buthus spp.

C-Order Aranieda : Ex : Spider e body consist of 2 segments(regions) prosoma & Opisthosoma. *have 4 pairs of legs. *No wings & antenna. * The eyes are simple , most spider have 8 eyes , but some have fewer. * All spider are predaceous & feed mainly on insects. * They rarely bit human. But only few species in USA are dangerously venomous. Ex: crab spider , jumping s. Black widow s. etc Galeodes arabs

Subphylum 3 : - Onychophora Ex: peripatus They are intermediate example between the annelida & Arthropoda. Subphylum 4: - Trilobeta *They are primitive aquatic arthropods known only from fossils. *They have 1 pair of antenna. . & appendages similar & leglike. *The body consisting of 3 lobes.