FIBRE TO FABRIC CHAPTER3 SCIENCE ClassVI FIBRE TO
FIBRE TO FABRIC CHAPTER-3 SCIENCE Class-VI
FIBRE TO FARIC A Material which is available in the form of thin and continuous stand is called Fibre. The thin strands of thread that we see are made up of still thinner strands called Fibres. The cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibre is called Fabric. There are two types of fibres are 1. Natural Fibre 2. Man Made fibre or Synthetic Fibre
TYPES OF FIBRES Natural Fibre: The fibres which are obtained from plants and animals are called Natural Fibres. Example: Cotton Wool, Jute & Silk Cotton Wool Jute
Man-Made or Synthetic Fibres: The fibres that are synthesized in laboratory are called as Man-Made or Synthetic Fibres. Example: Nylon, Polyester, Makmal, Fur etc. These fibres are made up of chemicals. Polyester Makmal Fur
Natural Fibres COTTON: Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fibre is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate.
The fibre is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley Civilization.
Process of Making Cotton: From field to fabric The process of making cotton transforms the raw fibers into thread OR yarn and fabric in three steps: Preparation, Spinning, and Weaving.
Preparation: To be used for thread or fabric, raw seed cotton must cleaned and free of debris. Seeds, burrs, dirt, stems and leaf material are removed from the cotton during ginning. (The process of separating cotton from seed). The process of removal of seeds from cotton bolls by combing is called as Ginning
Spinning: Spinning is the drawing out of and twisting of strands of fibers to form yarn or thread. It is a major part of the textile industry.
Spinning The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form a yarn.
The simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle also called takli. Another hand operated device is called as charkha. Spinning of yarn on a large scale is done with the help of spinning machines. After spinning, yarns are used for making fabrics.
YARN TO FABRIC Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. . The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. Weaving of fabric is done on looms. Looms are of two types Hand looms and Power looms
Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yarn together to make a fabric is called weaving.
YARN TO FABRIC Knitting In knitting a single set of yarn is used to make a fabric. You must have seen a sweater or socks. If a single yarn gets pulled out continuously, the fabric gets unravelled. Socks and many other clothing items are made of knitted fabrics. Knitting is done by hand by machines called as Knitting machine.
KNITTING
DYEING: After this the fabric is dyed in desired colors. This process is called Dyeing
JUTE Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced primarily from plants in the genus Corchorus, which was once classified with the family Tiliaceae, and more recently with Malvaceae. Jute was used for making textiles in the Indus valley civilization since the 3 rd millennium BC.
Process of making jute: Jute is obtained from the stem of jute plant. It is cultivated during the rainy season. In India. jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam. The jute plant is normally harvested when it is at flowering stage. The stems of the harvested plants are tied in bundles and immersed in water for a few days. This is called Retting. The stems rot and fibres are separated by hand.
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