Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks SAN Module 3

Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN) Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Describe the features and benefits of SAN. Describe the physical and logical elements of SAN. List common SAN topologies. Compare and contrast connectivity devices. Describe connectivity options of SAN. Describe the I/O flow in the SAN environment. List SAN management considerations. Describe applications of a SAN strategy. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 2

In this module … This module contains the following lessons: Fibre Channel SAN Overview. The Components of a SAN. FC SAN Connectivity. SAN Management. SAN Deployment Examples. Case Study and Applications of FC SAN. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 3

Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Overview Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Define a FC SAN. Describe the features of FC SAN based storage. Describe the benefits of an FC SAN based storage strategy. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 4

Business Needs and Technology Challenges Information when and where the business user needs it Integrate technology infrastructure with business processes Flexible, resilient architecture © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 5

What is a SAN? Array Dedicated storage network Organized connections among: Switches Ø Storage Ø Communication devices Server Ø Systems Secure Robust © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Servers Storage Area Networks (SAN) 6

Evolution of Fibre Channel SAN Servers HUB Switches Storage Servers SAN Islands FC Arbitrated Loop © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Servers Interconnected SANs FC Switched Fabric Arrays Storage Enterprise SANs FC Switched Fabric Storage Area Networks (SAN) 7

Benefits of a SAN High bandwidth – Fibre Channel SCSI extension – Block I/O Resource Consolidation – Centralized storage and management Scalability – Up to 16 million devices Secure Access – Isolation and filtering © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 8

Lesson Summary Topics in this lesson included: Definition of a SAN Features and Benefits

Lesson: The Components of a SAN Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the elements of a SAN. – – – Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Fiber Cabling Fibre Channel Switch /Hub Storage Array Management System © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 10

Components of a Storage Area Network Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Fiber Cabling Fibre Channel Switch /Hub Storage Array Management System HBA Switches SAN-attached Server SAN Arrays © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 11

Nodes, Ports, & Links HBA Port 0 Tx Rx Link Port 0 Port 11

Host Bus Adapters HBAs perform low-level interface functions automatically to minimize the impact on host processor performance HBA Switches Arrays Server © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 13

Connectivity Single Mode Fiber Switches Multimode Fiber Host Storage © 2006 EMC Corporation. All

Connectors Node Connectors: SC Duplex Connectors LC Duplex Connectors Patch panel Connectors ST Simplex

Connectivity Devices Basis for SAN communication – Hubs, Switches and Directors Server © 2006

Storage Resources Storage Array – Provides storage consolidation and centralization Features of an array – – High Availability/Redundancy Performance Business Continuity Multiple host connect © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Server HBA Switches Arrays Storage Area Networks (SAN) 17

SAN Management Software A suite of tools used in a SAN to manage the interface between host and storage arrays. Provides integrated management of SAN environment. Web based GUI or CLI © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 18

Lesson: Summary Topics in this lesson included: The elements of a SAN: – – – Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Fiber Cabling Fibre Channel Switch /Hub Storage Array Management System © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 19

Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods and topologies Describe Fibre Channel devices Describe Fibre Channel communication protocols Describe Fibre Channel login procedures © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 20

Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity Core networking principles applied to storage Servers are attached to 2 distinct networks – Back-end – Front-end SAN switches directors IP network Users & Application Clients Servers & Applications Storage & Application Data © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 21

What is Fibre Channel? SAN Transport Protocol – Integrated set of standards (ANSI) – Encapsulates SCSI A High Speed Serial Interface – Allows SCSI commands to be transferred over a storage network. Standard allows for multiple protocols over a single interface. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 22

Fibre Channel Ports Servers NL Port Server Node Storage HUB NL Port Node FL Port E Port N Port F Port Node N Port Server Switch F Port E Port Switch N Port Node F Port Node Array Storage © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 23

World Wide Names Unique 64 bit identifier. Static to the port. – Used to physically identify a port or node within the SAN – Similar to a NIC MAC address Additionally, each node is assigned a unique port ID (address) within the SAN – Used to communicate between nodes within the SAN – Similar in functionality to an IP address on a NIC © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 24

World Wide Names: Example World Wide Name – Array 5 0 0 6 0 1 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 B 2 0101 0000 0110 0001 0110 0000 0110 0000 0001 1011 0010 c 4 0 Company ID 24 bits Port Model seed 32 bits World Wide Name - HBA 1 0 0 0 Reserved 12 bits © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 0 0 Company OUI 24 bits c 9 2 0 d Company Specific 24 bits Storage Area Networks (SAN) 25

Fibre Channel Logins Fabric N Port 1 F Port N Port 2 Process a

Fibre Channel Addressing Fibre Channel addresses are used for transporting frames from source ports to destination ports. Address assignment methods vary with the associated topology (loop vs switch) – Loop – self assigning – Switch – centralized authority Certain addresses are reserved – FFFFFC is Name Server – FFFFFE is Fabric Login © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 27

What is a Fabric? Virtual space used by nodes to communicate with each other once they are joined. Component identifiers: – Domain ID – Worldwide Name (WWN) Arrays Servers Fabric Switches Storage © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 28

Fibre Channel Topologies Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) – Devices attached to a shared “loop” – Analogous to Token Ring HUB Clients Storage Switched Fabric (FC-SW) – All devices connected to a “Fabric Switch” – Analogous to an IP switch – Initiators have unique dedicated I/O paths to Targets © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Arrays Clients Switch Storage Area Networks (SAN) 29

Switch versus Hub Comparison Switches (FC-SW) – FC-SW architecture scalable to millions of connections. – Bandwidth per device stays constant with increased connectivity. – Bandwidth is scalable due to dedicated connections. – Higher availability than hubs. – Higher cost. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Hubs (FC-AL) – FC-AL is limited to 127 connections (substantially fewer connections can be implemented for ideal system performance). – Bandwidth per device diminishes with increased connectivity due to sharing of connections. – Low cost connection. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 30

How an Arbitrated Loop Hub Works Node A NL_Port#1 NL_Port #1 Node D Transmit HBA Hub_Pt Byp HBA #4 Transmit Node C Transmit HBA © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. #2 HBA Node B NL_Port#4 NL_Port#2 NL_Port HBA Byp Receive Byp #3 FA Byp Hub_Pt NL_Port#3 NL_Port Hub_Pt Transmit FA Storage Area Networks (SAN) 31

How a Switched Fabric Works Node A NL_Port #1 Node D Transmit Port Receive HBA Storage Port HBA Receive Transmit Node B NL_Port #4 Node C Transmit Receive HBA Receive © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. N_Port #2 NL_Port #2 Port Transmit N_Port #3 NL_Port #3 FA Storage Port Storage Area Networks (SAN) 32

Inter Switch Links (ISLs) Multimode Fiber 1 Gb=500 m 2 Gb=300 m Switch Single-mode Fiber up to 10 km Switch Metro ring or point-to-point topologies with or without path protection Switch © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Router Switch Storage Area Networks (SAN) 33

Topology: Mesh Fabric Can be either partial or full mesh All switches are connected to each other Host and Storage can be located anywhere in the fabric Host and Storage can be localized to a single switch Partial Mesh © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Full Mesh Storage Area Networks (SAN) 34

Full Mesh Benefits – All storage/servers are a maximum of one ISL hop away. – Hosts and storage may be located anywhere in the fabric. – Multiple paths for data using the Fabric Shortest Path First (FSPF) algorithm. – Fabric management made simpler. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 35

Topology: Simple Core-Edge Fabric Can be two or three tiers – Single Core Tier – One or two Edge Tiers Host Tier In a two tier topology, storage is usually connected to the Core Benefits – High Availability – Medium Scalability – Medium to maximum Connectivity © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Tier Storage Area Networks (SAN) 36

Core-Edge Benefits Simplifies propagation of fabric data. – One ISL hop access to all storage in the fabric. Efficient design based on node type. – Traffic management and predictability. Easier calculation of ISL loading and traffic patterns. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 37

Lesson: Summary Topics in this lesson included: The Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods and topologies Fibre Channel devices Fibre Channel communication protocols Fibre Channel login procedures © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 38

Lesson: SAN Management Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe SAN management functions – – Infrastructure protection Provisioning Capacity Management Performance Management © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 39

SAN Management Overview Infrastructure protection Fabric Management Storage Allocation Capacity Tracking Performance Management © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 40

Infrastructure Security Physical security Corporate LAN – Locked data center Secure VPN or Firewall Servers Centralized server and storage infrastructure – Controlled administrator access Control Station Switch Management LAN (Private) Switch In-band (FC) Storage Arrays © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Out-band (IP) Storage Area Networks (SAN) 41

Switch/Fabric Management Tools Vendor supplied management software – Embedded within the switch – Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Command Line Interface (CLI) Functionality – Common functions Performance monitoring Ø Discovery Ø Access Management (Zoning) Ø – Different “look and feel” between vendors Additional third party software add-ons – Enhanced functionality, such as automation © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 42

Fabric Management: Zoning Servers Arrays © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area

Zoning Components Zones Sets (Library) Zone Set Zones (Library) Members (WWN’s) Zone Member ©

Types of Zoning Servers WWN 10: 00: 00: C 9: 20: DE: 56 WWN 10: 00: 00: C 9: 20: DC: 40 Domain ID = 21 Port = 1 Switches Array Domain ID = 25 Port = 3 WWN 50: 06: 04: 82: E 8: 91: 2 B: 9 E Examples: WWN Zone 1 = 10: 00: 00: C 9: 20: DC: 40; 50: 06: 04: 82: E 8: 91: 2 B: 9 E Port Zone 1 = 21, 1; 25, 3 Mixed Zone 1 = 10: 00: 00: C 9: 20: DE: 56; Port 21/1 © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 45

Single HBA Zoning Optimally, one HBA per zone. – Nodes can only “talk” to Storage in the same zone Storage Ports may be members of more than one zone. HBA ports are isolated from each other to avoid potential problems associated with the SCSI discovery process. – Also known as “chatter” Decreases the impact of a changes in a Fabric by reducing the amount of nodes that must communicate. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 46

Provisioning: LUN Masking Restricts volume access to specific hosts and/or host clusters. Servers can only access the volumes that they are assigned. Access controlled in the storage and not in the fabric – Makes distributed administration secure Tools to manage masking Switch – GUI – Command Line Servers © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Array Storage Area Networks (SAN) 47

Capacity Management Tracking and managing assets – Number of ports assigned – Storage allocated Utilization profile – Indicates resource utilization over time – Allows forecasting SAN management software provides the tools – Inventory databases – Report writers © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 48

Performance Management What is it? – Capturing metrics and monitoring trends – Proactively or Reactively responding – Planning for future growth Areas and functions – Host, Fabric and Storage Performance – Building baselines for the environment © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 49

Lesson: Summary Topics in this lesson included: – – Infrastructure protection Provisioning Capacity Management Performance Management © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 50

Lesson: SAN Deployment Examples Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe common SAN deployment considerations Explain SAN deployment examples Describe SAN Challenges © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 51

When Should a SAN be Used? SANs are optimized for high bandwidth block level I/O Suited for the demands of real time applications – Databases: OLTP (online transaction processing) – Video streaming Any applications with high transaction rate and high data volatility – Stringent requirements on I/O latency and throughput Used to consolidate heterogeneous storage environments – Physical consolidation – Logical consolidation © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 52

Consolidation Example: DAS Challenge Servers Storage © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage

Consolidation Example: SAN Solution Servers Array Switch © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Connectivity Example: Challenge Server Array Server Switches Array Server © 2006 EMC Corporation. All

Connectivity Example: Solution Server Switches Server Array © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

FC SAN Challenges Infrastructure – New, separate networks are required. Skill-sets – As a relatively new technology, FC SAN administrative skills need to be cultivated. Cost – Large investments are required for effective implementation. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 57

Lesson: Summary Topics in this lesson included: Common SAN deployment considerations. SAN Implementation Scenarios – Consolidation – Connectivity SAN Challenges © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 58

Module Summary Topics in this module included: The features and benefits of SAN. The physical and logical elements of SAN. The common SAN topologies. Comparison of SAN connectivity devices. The connectivity options of SAN. The I/O flow in the SAN environment. SAN management considerations. Applications of a SAN strategy. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 59

Check Your Knowledge Name three key features of a SAN implementation. What is a Switch? Describe how a SAN can be connected? What is one common SAN topology? What are two management considerations for a SAN environment? What is a Fabric? What is a Core-Edge Fabric? © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 60

Apply Your Knowledge Connectrix™ Family of SAN Switches and Directors © 2006 EMC Corporation.

Apply Your Knowledge… Upon completion of this topic, you will be able to: Describe EMC’s product implementation of the Connectrix™ Family of SAN Switches and Directors. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 62

The Connectrix Family High-speed Fibre Channel connectivity- 1 to 10 gigabits per second Highly resilient switching technology, and ED-10000 M options for IP storage networking. configure to adapt to any business need MDS-9509 ED-48000 B MDS-9506 AP-7420 B ED-140 M MP-2640 M MP-1620 M MDS-9216 i/A MDS-9140 MDS-9120 DS-220 B DS-4100 B DS-4700 M DS-4400 M © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 63

Switches versus Directors Connectrix Switches – High availability through redundant deployment – Redundant fans and power supplies – Departmental deployment or part of Data Center deployment – Small to medium fabrics – Multi-protocol possibilities © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Connectrix Directors – “Redundant everything” provides optimal serviceability and highest availability – Data center deployment – Maximum scalability – Maximum performance – Large fabrics – Multi-protocol Storage Area Networks (SAN) 64

Connectrix Switch - DS-220 B Provides eight, 12, or 16 ports – – Auto-detecting 1, 2, and 4 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports Single, fixed power supply Field-replaceable optics Redundant cooling Simplified setup—no previous SAN experience needed – Eliminates the need for advanced skills to manage IP addressing or Zoning © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 65

Connectrix Director – MDS 9509 Multi-transport switch—Fibre Channel, FICON, i. SCSI, FCIP – 16 to 224 Fibre Channel ports – 4– 56 Gigabit Ethernet ports for i. SCSI or FCIP – Non-blocking fabric – 1 / 2 Gb/s auto-sensing ports All components are fully redundant MDS-9509 © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 66

Connectrix Management Interfaces MDS-Series Fabric Manager M-Series Web Server B-Series Web Tools © 2006

Module Summary The Connectrix Family of Switches and Directors; Has three product sets: – Connectrix B-Series – Connectrix MDS 9000 Series – Connectrix M-Series Provides highly available access to storage. Connects a wide range of host and storage technologies. © 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) 68