FIBERS Critical angle Numerical aperture Multimode Single mode

FIBERS Critical angle Numerical aperture Multimode Single mode Zero mode Graded Index – parabolic profile

Slab waveguide solution In metallic waveguides Phase velocity: Group velocity: Evanescent wave Velocities in fiber? a Propagation constant b V = 2. 405 Transverse k vector =

``LP’’ modes (linearly polarized)

THE V NUMBER characteristic waveguide parameter normalized wavenumber Propagation constant b V = 2. 405

BEAT LENGTH

Optical Couplers Device for distributing optical power among two or more ports. Definition: Coupling Ratio:

Wavelength Division Multiplexings (WDMs) Definition: A system that allows the transmission of more than one signal over a common path, by assigning each signal a different frequency band. Also known as frequency division multiplexing.

Polarizers Definition: An optical device capable of transforming unpolarized or natural light into polarized light, usually by selective transmission of polarized rays. Generally: fiber to air – polarizer – fiber

Polarization Controllers

Polarization Beam Splitters (PBS) Definition: Polarizing beam splitters take an input beam of light and divide it into two orthogonal polarizations.

Polarization Maintaining Fibers (PMFs) Definition: Single-mode fiber that preserves the plane of polarization of the light launched into it as the beam propagates through its length. The polarization is maintained by asymmetry in the fiber structure, either in its shape (geometrical birefringence) or in its internal stresses (stress-induced birefringence). Because of this asymmetry, the two perpendicularly polarized modes transmitted by the fiber have different propagation constants. .

Isolators PM/fast axis blocked Definition: A device intended to prevent return reflections along a fiber.

Erbium Doped Fibers (EDFs) Definition: An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Erbium rare earth ions are added to the fiber core material as a dopant in typical levels of a few hundred parts per million. When pumped by a laser diode, optical gain is created, and amplification occurs.

980 nm Laser Diode Pump

Optical Couplers Device for distributing optical power among two or more ports. Definition: Coupling Ratio:

Wavelength Division Multiplexings (WDMs) Definition: A system that allows the transmission of more than one signal over a common path, by assigning each signal a different frequency band. Also known as frequency division multiplexing.

Polarizers Definition: An optical device capable of transforming unpolarized or natural light into polarized light, usually by selective transmission of polarized rays. Generally: fiber to air – polarizer – fiber

Polarization Controllers

Polarization Beam Splitters (PBS) Definition: Polarizing beam splitters take an input beam of light and divide it into two orthogonal polarizations.

Polarization Maintaining Fibers (PMFs) Definition: Single-mode fiber that preserves the plane of polarization of the light launched into it as the beam propagates through its length. The polarization is maintained by asymmetry in the fiber structure, either in its shape (geometrical birefringence) or in its internal stresses (stress-induced birefringence). Because of this asymmetry, the two perpendicularly polarized modes transmitted by the fiber have different propagation constants. .

Isolators PM/fast axis blocked Definition: A device intended to prevent return reflections along a fiber.

Erbium Doped Fibers (EDFs) Definition: An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Erbium rare earth ions are added to the fiber core material as a dopant in typical levels of a few hundred parts per million. When pumped by a laser diode, optical gain is created, and amplification occurs.

980 nm Laser Diode Pump