Festival del Lavoro Brescia Italy Workshop 21 June

Festival del Lavoro, Brescia (Italy) Workshop 21 June 2012 “Dove si incontra il lavoro: L’apprendistato in Europa” Apprenticeship in Germany L’apprendistato in Germania Jessica Erbe Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB, Bonn) ®

Contents of the Presentation § “Locating” the apprenticeship in the German education system § Understanding the “dual” apprenticeship system (training purpose, main principles of the VET system, formalisation, organisation or: what's „dual“ about it? ) § Financial aspects of the apprenticeship § Key Figures on the apprenticeship (entry rates, age & prior education of pupils, apprentices & companies, duration, success, employment) § Role of social partners Abbreviation: (I)VET stands for (initial) vocational education and training 2 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Education System in Germany (simplified) Continuing education Continuing vocational training Universities ISCED 5 B ISCED 5 A+6 Dual system 45% ISCED 3 B Lower secondary school Full-time voc. school 15% ISCED 3 B Intermediate school Upper secondary school 40% ISCED 3 A Secondary level II 16 to 19 years – with re-entries between sectors Grammar school Secondary level I 10 (12) to 15/16 years Primary school 3 Tertiary level over 19 years “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) Primary level 6 to 10 (12) years ®

What is the Training Purpose of the Apprenticeship? Learning at the work place Goals Features 4 • Acquisition of employability • Acquisition of knowledge of work processes • Self-management and individual responsibility • Comprehensive learning • Problem and product orientation • Task and experience reference • Inter-disciplinary character “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

What are the main principles of VET system? 1. Occupation-based approach („Berufskonzept“) • Employability through a comprehensive bundle of competencies (skills, knowledge and cross cutting key competencies) • Federal state regulated occupational profiles and training regulations • Individual and social integration by a foothold in a skilled occupation • A foundation for lifelong learning 5 2. Principle of consensus • between employer organisations, trade unions, federal government and federal states (Länder) government “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) 3. Shared responsibilities • Two sites of learning: companies and vocational schools • Shared responsibility between government and economy • Shared responsibility between federal level and federal state level ®

On what basis are people trained? National Standards (Vocational Training Regulations) Designation of the training occupation 6 Duration of traineeship Profile of the General Examination training plan requirements occupation 2011 350 training regulations 1996 - 2010 82 New training regulations 230 modernised training regulations example mechatronic “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

What's „Dual“ about the German Dual System? Basic Elements In-Company Training Enterprise Trainer Training enterprises Vocational Training Act Training regulations Company training schedule Apprenticeship contract Chambers and other competent bodies 7 School Training Learning venues Training personnel € Vocational school teacher Funding States, districts and municipalities Legal basis for training School acts of the states Legal basis for recognised occupations Framework curricula § Content of training Legal basis for training relationship Counselling and monitoring “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) Curriculum Compulsory vocational school District Presidents or School supervisor ®

Who finances the apprenticeship? State Figures for the year 2007/ 30. 9 billion EUR (in total) 8 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Why? What are the Costs and Benefits for Companies? Average amounts per apprentice per year Source: Walden et al. 2008 (BIBB) 9 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Who Enters the Apprenticeship System? Entries into IVET 2010 Dual system IVET 560 000 51% Full-time school IVET 220 000 20% Transition/Integration 320 000 29% Level of school leaving certificate of all new apprentices in 2009 (100%) 19+ years grammar school (could go to univ. ) 20% intermediate school 43% secondary general school 33% no school leaving certificate Average of apprenticeship beginner 4% Source: BIBB-Datenreport 2011 10 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Key Figures on the Apprenticeship in the Dual System Number of newly concluded training contracts in 2010 male 57, 7 %; female 42, 3 % Number of apprentices in total out of which publicly funded Companies offering training (2010) 560. 073 1. 571. 457 10, 5% 470. 000 = 22, 5% of all companies Average training allowance 678 € Training contracts' termination rate (2009) 22, 6% Final examinations' success rate 90, 2% Number of training profiles Regular duration 350 2 – 3, 5 years Source: BIBB-Datenreport 2011, Figures for Germany 11 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

How is the Labour Market Situation after the Apprenticeship? Overall unemployment rate by age (in 2011) Germany EU 15 -24 year olds 8, 1 % 22, 7 % 25 -74 year olds 5, 2 % 8, 4 % Total 5, 5 % 9, 8 % Employment in the company where the apprenticeship was made Companies' in-take rate after graduation 61 % Unemployment rate by qualification (in 2009) 12 Germany No vocational qualification 21, 9 % Vocational qualification (IVET/CVET) 6, 6 % Higher education degree (ISCED 5 A) 2, 5 % Total 8, 4 % “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Governance: Role of the Social Partners National level Regional level 13 Participation of representatives of the trade unions and employers in the development of standards; Official recommendations relating to all fields of VET Federal states: Recommendations regarding the coordination between school and enterprise Competent bodies: Counselling; monitoring / quality assurance; examinations; certificates Sectoral level Negotiations on the supply of apprenticeships; wage agreements covering apprenticeship pay Company level Planning and carrying out training in the enterprises “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Governance: Responsibilities of Competent Bodies „Competent Bodies“ fts lled cra i k s f o bers = cham & ndustry i f o s r be = cham commerce Enter, amend and delete training contracts Conduct interim and final examinations Verify the suitability of training firms and the aptitude of training staff Advise companies and trainees Supervise the provision of vocational training preparation, initial vocational training and retraining Support and supervise periods of training that trainees complete abroad 14 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®

Thank you for your attention. Jessica Erbe Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung Tel. : +49 228 107 2403 e-Mail: erbe@bibb. de 15 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia) ®